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Preface to the Third Edition Acknowledgements Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition List of Contributors 1 IntroductionJohn Lucas 1.1 What is and what isn’t aquaculture?  1.2 The origins of aquaculture and agriculture 1.3 Aquaculture and capture fisheries production 1.4 The efficiency of aquaculture for food production 1.5 Has there been a ‘Blue Revolution’? 1.6 China  1.7 Issues for developed countries  1.8 An allegory  1.9 Diversity of aquaculture  1.10 Fishery stock enhancement and restoration  1.11 Summary 2 Principles of AquaculturePaul C. Southgate and John S. Lucas 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Intensity of aquaculture 2.3 Polyculture 2.4 Integrated agri–aquaculture systems 2.5 Static, open, semi–closed and recirculating (closed) systems 2.6 Selecting a new species for farming 2.7 Developing a new farm or a new farmed species 2.8 Case studies 2.9 Summary 3 Aquaculture Systems DesignIgor Pirozzi, Paul C. Southgate and John S. Lucas  3.1 Introduction 3.2 Site selection and development 3.3 Aquaculture systems 3.4 Pumps and Plumbing 3.5 Hatchery Systems 3.6 Summary 4 Water QualityClaude E. Boyd and Craig S. Tucker 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Water Quality Variables 4.3 Effects of Water Quality on Aquatic Animals 4.4 Water Quality Management 4.5 Effluents 4.6 Summary 5 Resource Use and the EnvironmentClaude E. Boyd, Aaron A. McNevin, Craig S. Tucker 5.1 Introduction 5.2 An Overview of Resource Use and Environmental Issues 5.3 Land Use 5.4 Water Use 5.5 Energy Use 5.6 Feed–Fish Use 5.7 Chemicals 5.8 Water Pollution 5.9 Best Management Practices 5.10 Environmental Advocacy 5.11 Summary 6 Reproduction, Life Cycles and GrowthJohn S. Lucas and Paul C. Southgate 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Reproductive physiology 6.3 Life cycles 6.4 Growth 6.5 Summary 7 GeneticsRex Dunham 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic genetics 7.3 Epigenetics 7.4 Domestication and strain evaluation 7.5 Selection 7.6 Inbreeding and maintenance of genetic quality 7.7 Crossbreeding and hybridization 7.8 Chromosomal techniques 7.9 Xenogenesis 7.10 Genetic engineering 7.11 Gene editing 7.12 Combining genetic enhancement programs 7.13 Genotype–environment interactions 7.14 Future developments 7.15 Summary References 8 Nutrition and FeedsLou D’Abramo 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Energy consumption and partitioning (bioenergetics) 8.3 The relationship between growth and food consumption 8.4 Requirements and metabolic functions of nutrients 8.5 Digestion and assimilation of food 8.6 Formulation, manufacture and digestibility of feeds 8.7 Nutrition management strategies 8.8 Feed management 8.9 Emerging research areas 8.10 Summary 9 Hatchery and Larval Foods Paul C. Southgate 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Foods for hatchery culture systems 9.3 Microalgae 9.4 Zooplankton 9.5 Feeding strategy for larval culture 9.6 Compound hatchery feeds 9.7 Development of artificial diets for fish larvae 9.8 Harvesting natural plankton 9.9 Pond fertilisation as a food source for aquaculture 9.10 Summary 10 Disease PrinciplesLeigh Owens 10.1 Introduction to disease 10.2 General principles of infectious diseases in aquaculture 10.3 The philosophy of disease control 10.4 Generalised disease management techniques 10.5 Major diseases 10.6 Summary 11 Pathogens and ParasitesKate S Hutson and Kenneth D Cain 11.1 Introductions 11.2 Viruses 11.3 Bacteria 11.4 Fungi 11.5 Protozoans 11.6 Myxozoans 11.7 Platyhelminths 11.8 Nematodes 11.9 Acanthocephalans 11.10 Leeches 11.11 Crustaceans 11.12 Fish–borne zoonotic agents and aquaculture 11.13 Aquaponics 11.14 Summary 12 Prevention of disease by vaccinationAndrew Barnes 12.1. Introduction 12.2. A beginner’s guide to fish immunology 12.3. Vaccinating fish 12.4. Types of vaccine 12.5. Routes of delivery 12.6. Adjuvants 12.7. Vaccination in practice 12.8. Research and development track for commercial fish vaccines 12.9. Future trends: vaccination in the age of genomics 12.10. Conclusions 12.11. Summary 13 Post–harvest Technology and ProcessingAllan Bremner 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Basic characteristics 13.3 Safety and health 13.4 Nutritional aspects 13.5 The balance between safely and nutrition 13.6 Aquaculture and fisheries products 13.7 Harvesting 13.8 Live transport 13.9 Muscle structure: rigor and texture 13.10 Stunning and post–mortem processing 13.11 Effects of feed on the product 13.12 Specialised niche market products 13.13 Flavours and taints 13.14 Texture 13.15 Concepts: quality, freshness, shelf–life and quality index 13.16 Microbiology, specific spoilage organisms (SSO) and other spoilage processed 13.17 Freezing and frozen storage 13.18 Packaging 13.19 Quality control, quality assuarance, HACCP and risk assessment 13.20 Traceability, identification and origin 13.21 Canning 13.22 Smoking 13.23 Summary                   14 EconomicsClem Tisdell 14.1 Introduction  14.2 Profitability from a business viewpoint (farm models) 14.3 Markets and marketing    14.4 Economies of scale and similar factors 14.5 Allowing for and coping with business risk and uncertainty 14.6 Economic assessment from a social standpoint 14.7 Summary 15 Seaweed and Microalgae SeaweedNicholas A. Paul Micro–algaeMichael Borowitzka 15.1 General introductions 15.2 Seaweeds 15.3 Micro–algae 15.4 Summary 16 CarpsSena De Silva and Qidong Wang 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Biology of the Important Carps in Aquaculture 16.3 Artificial Propagation 16.4 Nutrition 16.5 Culture Practices 16.6 Diseases 16.7 Genetic Improvement 16.8 Culture–Based Fisheries 16.9 Conclusions 16.10 Summary 17 SalmonidsJohn Purser 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Biology 17.3 Freshwater farming 17.4 Marine farming 17.5 Feeds 17.6 Grading and stocking densities 17.7 Maturation, sex–reversal and triploidy 17.8 Fish health 17.9 Harvesting and products 17.10 Environmental issues 17.11 Summary 18 TilapiasVictor Suresh and Ram Bhujel 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Family, Species and Genetic Variation 16.3 Ecology and Distribution 18.4 Sex Determination and Reproduction 18.5 Control of Reproduction 18.6 Seed Production 18.7 Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding 18.8 Grow–Out Systems 18.9 Disease Management 18.10 Harvest, Processing and Marketing 18.11 Summary 19 CatfishesCraig S. Tucker, Aaron McNevin, Les Torrans and Brian Bosworth 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Pangasiid Catfishes 19.3 Ictalurid Catfishes 19.4 Clariid Catfishes 19.5 Summary 20 Marine Finfish AquacultureWade O. Watanabe, Md Shah Alam, Patrick M. Carroll1, Harry V. Daniels and Jeffrey M. Hinshaw 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Importance of Marine Fish Aquaculture 20.3 Hatcheries 20.4 Growout Systems 20.5 Nutrition and Feeds 20.6 Marine Fish in Aquaculture 20.7 Milkfish 20.8 European Seabass 20.9 Gilthead Sea Bream 20.10 Yellowtail Amberjack 20.11 Red Sea Bream 20.12 Cobia 20.13 Flatfish 20.14 Sturgeon 20.15 Summary 21 Soft–shelled TurtlesQingjun Shao and John S. Lucas 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Biology 21.3 Aquaculture development 21.4 Culture facilities 21.5 Culture stages 21.6 Water quality 21.7 Nutrition, feeding and feed formulation 21.8 Infectious diseases 21.9 Harvesting and processing 21.10 The future of soft–shelled turtle farming 21.11 Summary 22 Marine ShrimpDarryl Jory 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Cultured species 22.3 Grow–out systems 22.4 Preparation of ponds 22.5 Reproduction and maturation 22.6 Hatchery design and larval culture 22.7 Seedstock quality and stocking 22.8 Production management and harvest 22.9 Nutrition, formulated diets and feed management 22.10 Emerging production technologies and issues 22.11 Responsible shrimp farming and the challenge of sustainability 22.12 Summary 23 Freshwater decapod crustaceansChaoshu Zeng, John S. Lucas and Paul C. Southgate 23.1 Introduction   23.2 Farmed species 23.3 Chinese mitten crabs 23.4 Freshwater crayfish 23.5 Freshwater prawns 23.6 Summary 24 Bivalve molluscsJohn S. Lucas 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Aspects of biology 24.3 Farmed bivalves 24.4 Phases of bivalve aquaculture 24.5 Farming problems 24.6 Introductions and other environmental issues 24.7 Industry reviews 24.8 The future of bivalve aquaculture 24.9 Summary 25 AbalonePeter Cook 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Biology 25.3 Culture techniques 25.4 Postlarvae and juveniles 25.5 Grow–out systems 25.6 Diseases and parasites 25.7 The world abalone market 25.8 Summary 26 Aquaculture in the aquarium industryThane A. Militz 26.1 Introduction 26.2 The aquarium industry 26.3 The need for aquaculture in the aquarium industry 26.4 Aquaculture of tropical freshwater organisms 26.5 Aquaculture of tropical marine organisms 26.6 Sustainable development 26.7 The future of the aquarium industry 26.8 Summary 27 The Future of AquacultureJohn Hargreaves, Randall Brummett and Craig S. Tucker 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Drivers of Future Demand and Supply 27.3 Responding to the Challenges of the Future 27.4 Summary