著者紹介

内容

目次

Contents List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Credits 1 Introduction 1.1 About the organization of this book 1.2 Examples, back-translations and the languages of illustration Suggestions for further reading Note 2 Equivalence at word level 2.1 The word in different languages 2.1.1 What is a word? 2.1.2 Is there a one-to-one relationship between word and meaning? 2.1.3 Introducing morphemes 2.2 Lexical meaning 2.2.1 Propositional vs expressive meaning 2.2.2 Presupposed meaning 2.2.3 Evoked meaning 2.3 The problem of non-equivalence 2.3.1 Semantic fields and lexical sets - the segmentation of experience 2.3.2 Non-equivalence at word level and some common strategies for dealing with it Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 3 Equivalence above word level 3.1 Collocation 3.1.1 Collocational range and collocational markedness 3.1.2 Collocation and register 3.1.3 Collocational meaning 3.1.4 Some collocation-related pitfalls and problems in translation 3.2 Idioms and fixed expressions 3.2.1 Idioms, fixed expressions and the direction of translation 3.2.2 The interpretation of idioms 3.2.3 The translation of idioms: difficulties1 3.2.4 The translation of idioms: strategies Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 4 Grammatical equivalence 4.1 Grammatical vs lexical categories 4.2 The diversity of grammatical categories across languages 4.2.1 Number 4.2.2 Gender 4.2.3 Person 4.2.4 Tense and aspect 4.2.5 Voice 4.3 A brief note on word order 4.4 Introducing text 4.4.1 Text vs non-text 4.4.2 Features of text organization Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 5 Textual equivalence: thematic and information structures 5.1 A Hallidayan overview of information flow 5.1.1 Thematic structure: theme and rheme 5.1.2 Information structure: given and new 5.2 The Prague School position on information flow: functionalsentence perspective 5.2.1 Linear arrangement and thematic status in FSP 5.2.2 Linear arrangement and marked structures in FSP 5.2.3 The tension between word order and communicative function: a problem in translation? 5.2.4 Suggested strategies for minimizing linear dislocation Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 187 6 Textual equivalence: cohesion 6.1 Reference 6.2 Substitution and ellipsis 6.3 Conjunction 6.4 Lexical cohesion Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 7 Pragmatic equivalence 7.1 Coherence 7.1.1 Coherence vs cohesion 7.1.2 Is coherence a feature of text or situation? 7.2 Coherence and processes of interpretation: implicature 7.3 Coherence, implicature and translation strategies 7.3.1 The conventional meanings of words and structures and the identity of references 7.3.2 The Co-operative Principle and its maxims 7.3.3 The context, linguistic or otherwise, of the utterance 7.3.4 Other items of background knowledge 7.3.5 The availability of all relevant items falling under theprevious headings Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 8 Semiotic equivalence 8.1 Semiotic resources and semiotic regimes 8.2 Creative deployment of semiotic resources 8.3 Translating semiotically complex material 8.3.1 Strengthening verbal-visual coherence 8.3.2 Resolving discrepancies between verbal and visual input 8.3.3 Replacing verbal-visual puns 8.3.4 Compensation 8.3.5 Sacrificing or undermining verbal-visual cohesion Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes 9 Beyond equivalence: ethics and morality 9.1 Ethics and morality 9.2 Professionalism, codes of ethics and the law 9.3 The ethical implications of linguistic choices 9.4 Concluding remarks Exercises Suggestions for further reading Notes Glossary References Name index Language index Subject index