目次

Preface 1. Introduction 1.1 From "Get-Tough" to "Get-Smart" 1.2 Chapter Framework 1.3 A Note on Exclusions and Terminology 2. Justifying Punishment: A Moral and Economic Defense of Policy 2.1 Part I: Classic Philosophies of Punishment 2.2 Part II: Post-Classic Justifications of Punishment 2.3 Summary and Conclusions 3. Defining Punishment: The Essential Attributes of Penal Activity 3.1 What is Punishment? Definitions from the Academic Literature 3.2 What is Punishment? A Legal Framework 3.3 What is Punishment? A Social Control Framework 3.4 What is Punishment? A Power Theory Framework 3.5 Summary and Conclusions 4. Measuring Punishment: The Scope & Severity of Penal Activity 4.1 A Brief History on the Measurement of Punishment 4.2 Part I: The Scope of Penal Activity 4.3 Part II: The Severity of Penal Activity 4.4 Summary and Conclusions 5. Evaluating Punishment: "What Works" and the Pursuit of Effectiveness 5.1 The Expectations and Evaluation of Punishment: An Historical Perspective 5.2 The New Evidence-Based Culture 5.3 What We Know About "What Works" 5.4 Summary and Conclusions 6. Prescribing Punishment: Alternative Directions in Research & Policy 6.1 Conventions in Prescribing Research & Policy 6.2 Justifying Punishment: Loss Reduction as Penal Policy 6.3 Defining & Measuring Punishment: More Debate, More Data 6.4 Evaluating Punishment: Severity, Community and Insider Knowledge 6.5 Final Thoughts