目次

Background. Motivation. The History of Up-and-Down Designs and Their Usage Patterns. Basic Markov Chain Theory. First Order Up-and-Down Designs and Their Fundamental Properties. The Up-and-Down Design's Balance Point. A Tour through First-Order Up-and-Down Designs. The Asymptotic Dose-Allocation Distribution. Exact Moments of the Dose Allocation Frequencies. Up-and-Down Convergence. Estimation Following an Up-and-Down Design. Isotonic Regression Estimators of Toxicity Rates and the Target Dose. Parametric Regression Based Estimators. Higher-Order Up-and-Down Designs and Markovian Extensions. Group Up-and-Down Designs. The k- in-a-row ("Geometric") Design. Biased Coin Design Extensions. Up-and-Down Designs for Joint Studies of Toxicity and Efficacy. Choosing the Right Design for Your Needs. Up-and-Down and the Challenge of Phase I Cancer Trials. Ways to Compare Designs. Practical Recommendations and Summary.