目次

Introduction Hungary’s Place in Europe: North, East, Central, or West? Hungary’s Religious and Ethnic Groups Hungary’s Neighbors Hungarian National Territory in Flux Hungary since 1945: Four Central Questions 1: 1956 – Key Event in Hungarian Postwar History 1956 and Hungary’s Changeover to Democracy in 1989 What Happened in Autumn of 1956? Pre-History: Stalinism with a Hungarian Stamp 1956 and Aftermath: Reform and Resignation in the Single-Party Dictatorship 2: The Hungarian State: Caesuras and Continuity The Constitution and Constitutionality The Parliament The Parties The Voting Laws and Elections 3: Foreign Policy: From World War II to the European Union "Hitler’s Last Ally" Absorption into the Soviet System 1956 – Diplomatic Background and Context The Kádár Era: Loyalty to Moscow and Indepence from Moscow "Second Cold War" and the Kádár System in Crisis (1979-1989) Collapse of Soviet Hegemony and Hungary’s Western Integration 4: From Capitalism to the Planned Economy and Back Again: Economic and Social Policy 1945-1989 Long-term Developments until the End of World War II Crisis and Recovery: The Postwar Years (1945-1948) The Planned Economy: Successes and Crises Reforms and Constants during the Socialist Period Hungarian Social Policy in European Comparison – An Overview Positive and Negative Social Policy: The Social-Political Measures of Hungarian Stalinism (1949-1956) Social Policy as "Social Contract" under Kádár (1957-1989) Capitalism, crises and Social Policy since 1989 5: Social Structures and Mobility Long-term Demographic Developments The Imperfect Capitalist Society The Socialist Society Social Mobility and Education Limits, Contradictions, and the Dissolution of Socialist Society Hungary Society since 1989 6: Lifestyles in Transition Families and Gender in the 1950s A Socialist Consumer Society? "Goulash Communism," "Refrigerator Communism," Trips to the West, and Vacation Homes Cultural upheavals in the 1960s: Fashion, the Beat Movement, and Soccer 7: Ethnic Homogenization and Minority Policy Within Hungary and Neighboring States Minority Policy Within Hungary and Beyond Its Borders From Multi-National State to a Homogeneous Nation with National Minorities Development of the Rights of Nationalities in Hungary since 1945 Minority Policy in the Neighboring States: Nationalistic Conflicts and Hopes for Their Resolution in a Unified Europe Hungarians inside and outside the European Union – foreigners in Hungary 8: Churches and Religion The Perspective from Below: Religiosity in Hungarian Society The View from Above: The Difficult Relationship between the Ecclesiastical Elite and Politics since 1945 Religion in Hungary since 1989 9: Hungarian politics since 1989 Change of System 1988-1990 and Ensuing Events 1956 and 1989: The Importance of Memory Features of Political Culture in the 1990s From EU membership to Orbán’s "Hungarian Revolution" of 2010 Selected Bibliography Index