内容

目次

Chapter 1 First principles 1.1 Anatomy 1.2 Physiology 1.3 Electrical activity and the ECG Chapter 2 Understanding the normal ECG 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The limb leads 2.3 The chest leads 2.4 The lead orientation 2.5 ECG nomenclature Chapter 3 Interpreting the ECG: a six-step approach 3.1 Step 1: is there electrical activity? 3.2 Step 2: what is the QRS (ventricular) rate? 3.3 Step 3: is the rhythm regular? 3.4 Step 4: is the QRS narrow (normal) or broad? 3.5 Step 5: is there atrial electrical activity? 3.6 Step 6: how is the atrial activity related to the ventricular activity? 3.7 Glossary of distinct ECG signs Chapter 4 Bradyarrhythmias I: sinoatrial node dysfunction 4.1 Sinus bradycardia 4.2 Sinus pause with junctional escape beat Chapter 5 Bradyarrhythmias II: conduction abnormalities 5.1 First-degree atrioventricular block 5.2 Second-degree atrioventricular block: Mobitz type 1 or Wenckebach 5.3 Second-degree atrioventricular block: Mobitz type 2 5.4 Second-degree heart block: 2:1 atrioventricular block 5.5 Third-degree (complete) atrioventricular block: narrow QRS 5.6 Third-degree (complete) atrioventricular block: broad QRS 5.7 Right bundle branch block 5.8 Left bundle branch block Chapter 6 Ectopic beats 6.1 Atrial ectopic beats 6.2 Ventricular ectopic beats 6.3 Junctional ectopic beats Chapter 7 Atrial arrhythmias 7.1 Atrial tachycardia 7.2 Multifocal atrial tachycardia 7.3 Atrial flutter 7.4 Atrial fibrillation 7.5 Atrial fibrillation with left bundle branch block Chapter 8 Narrow-complex tachyarrhythmias (supraventricular tachycardias) 8.1 Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia 8.2 Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia 8.3 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: right-sided pathway 8.4 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: left lateral pathway 8.5 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: posterior pathway 8.6 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome plus atrial fibrillation Chapter 9 Broad-complex tachyarrhythmias 9.1 Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia 9.2 Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 9.3 Torsade de points 9.4 Ventricular fibrillation 9.5 Supraventricular tachycardia with bundle branch block Chapter 10 Ischaemia and infarction 10.1 ST segment depression (cardiac ischaemia) 10.2 Acute myocardial ischaemia: T wave inversion and the LAD syndrome 10.3 ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: anterior0 10.4 ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: acute inferior 10.5 ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: posterior 10.6 Completed myocardial infarction Chapter 11 Inherited arrhythmia problems 11.1 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 11.2 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 11.3 Long QT syndrome 11.4 Brugada syndrome Chapter 12 Cardiac chamber dilation, strain and hypertrophy 12.1 Left ventricular hypertrophy 12.2 Right ventricular hypertrophy 12.3 Pulmonary embolus 12.4 Left atrial dilation 12.5 Right atrial dilation Chapter 13 Electrolyte and homeostasis disorders 13.1 Hyperkalaemia 13.2 Hypokalaemia 13.3 Hypercalcaemia 13.4 Hypocalcaemia 13.5 Hypothermia Chapter 14 Miscellaneous conditions and normal variants 14.1 Pericarditis 14.2 Pacemaker 14.3 Biventricular pacemaker 14.4 Early repolarisation pattern 14.5 Non-pathological Q waves