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Contents List of figures and tables Notes on Contributors Preface Acknowledgements 　 Blumenbach studies 1. Introduction: brief history of Blumenbach representation Nicolaas Rupke and Gerhard Lauer 2. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach-online Gerhard Lauer and Heiko Weber Defining human races 3. Buffon, Blumenbach, Herder, Lichtenberg and the origins of modern anthropology Carl Niekerk 4. Climate change and creolization in French natural history, 1750-1795 E.C. Spary 5. Blumenbach’s collection of human skulls Wolfgang Böker 6. Blumenbach's theory of human races and the natural unity of humankind Thomas Junker 7. A defence of human rights: Blumenbach on albinism Renato G. Mazzolini Racism, anti-racism and Eurocentricity 8. Blumenbach’s race science in the light of Christian supersessionism Terence Keel 9. The beautiful skulls of Schiller and the Georgian girl: quantitative and aesthetic scaling of the races, 1750-1850 Robert J. Richards 10. Ethnographic exploration in the Blumenbachian tradition Peter Hanns Reill 11. The rise of paleontology and the historicization of nature: Blumenbach and Deluc John H. Zammito 12. The roots of scientific racism and Huxley’s Rule Nicolaas Rupke Appendix: Biographical sketch of Blumenbach Index