目次

Introduction: The Making of a Civilization 610-1260 PART ONE MONGOL HEGEMONY, 1260–1405 CHAPTER 1 THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION The Mongol Khanates The Qipchaq Khanate The Il-khanate The Chaghatay Khanate New Centers of Islamic Culture The Mamluk Empire The Delhi Sultanate The Ottoman Sultanate Scourges Plague Timur Lang Conclusion CHAPTER 2 UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN ISLAMIC TRADITIONS Intellectual Life in the Fourteenth Century The End of the "Golden Age"? Against All Odds Law The Queen of the Sciences The "Closing of the Gate of Ijtihad"? The Varieties of Religious Expression "Orthodoxy" and "Heterodoxy" The Proliferation of Sufi Groups Conclusion PART TWO MUSLIM ASCENDANCY, 1405–1750 CHAPTER 3 THE CENTRAL MUSLIM LANDS The Ottoman Empire The Creation of an Empire Society The State The Economy Culture From Dominance to Parity The Arabian Peninsula The Holy Cities Yemen and Oman The Eurasian Steppes Conclusion CHAPTER 4 THE UMMA IN THE WEST The Iberian Peninsula Mudejars Granada Moriscos The Maghrib The Land The Berber States Crusaders, Corsairs, and Janissaries The Regencies Alawite Morocco The Sudan Trans-Saharan Trade The Islamization of the Western and Central Sudan The Islamization of the Eastern Sudan The Intensification of the Slave Trade Islam in the Sudan Conclusion CHAPTER 5 CENTRAL ASIA AND IRAN Central Asia The Timurids The Uzbek Khanate The Islamization of Central Asia Iran The Nizaris Regroup The Safavids: A Militant Sufi Order The First Twelver Shi‘ite Empire The Apocalypse Postponed Society The State The Decline of Tariqa Sufism in Iran The Economy Culture The End of an Empire Conclusion CHAPTER 6 SOUTH ASIA South Asia after the Delhi Sultanate Southern and Central South Asia The Indo–Gangetic Plain Islam in South Asia Patterns of Muslim Influence South Asian Sufism An Isma‘ili Revival The Timurids in South Asia: The Mughals The Formation of the Mughal Empire Society The State The Economy Culture The End of Imperial Rule Conclusion CHAPTER 7 THE INDIAN OCEAN BASIN A Muslim Lake The East Coast of Africa Berbera and the Land of the Zanj The Impact of Imperialism Kerala The Land of Pepper The Impact of Imperialism Southeast Asia The Malayo–Polynesian Lands Muslims Establish a Presence in Southeast Asia The Impact of Imperialism The Appeal of a Universal Faith A Loss of Dynamism Conclusion PART THREE THE WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN, 1750–PRESENT CHAPTER 8 REFORM AND RENEWAL, 1750–1875 Developments within Twelver Shi‘ism The Growth of Mujtahid Authority Twelver Ritual Life Sunni Reform Movements A Search for First Principles Jihad Movements European Intervention and Annexation South Asia Southeast Asia The Indian Ocean Basin The Caucasus and Central Asia North Africa Governmental Responses to External Threats The Ottoman Empire Iran Cultural Fragmentation Conclusion CHAPTER 9 THE LOSS OF SOVEREIGNTY: 1875–1920 European Imperialism, 1875–1914 The Balkans North and West Africa The Western Indian Ocean Central Asia and Iran Southeast Asia Imperial Rule Encounters with Tradition Movements of Political and Social Reform Movements of Religious Reform and Renewal The Great War Conclusion CHAPTER 10 THE INTERWAR YEARS, 1920–1939 Independent Muslim States The Republic of Turkey The Pahlavi Monarchy of Iran States in the Arabian Peninsula The Kingdom of Afghanistan Muslim Minorities in the USSR Nationalist Movements North Africa The Eastern Arab World South Asia Southeast Asia Islamic Movements The Muslim Brothers Abu’l A‘la Mawdudi Tablighi Jama‘at Indonesian Religious Organizations Women’s Issues Conclusion CHAPTER 11 REGAINING SOVEREIGNTY, 1939–1970 World War II The Middle East Southeast Asia Africa South Asia Formal Independence The 1940s The 1950s The 1960s and 1970s Muslim Minorities in the USSR and China Disillusionment with Secular Nationalism Pakistan Indonesia Iran The Arab World Turkey Voices of Urgency Conclusion CHAPTER 12 NEW DIRECTIONS, 1970–PRESENT The Watershed Years The Arab World Iran Afghanistan Responding to the Divine Imperative: Political Islam Egypt Tunisia Turkey Responding to the Divine Imperative: A Revival of Jihad Jihad as the Means to Implement an Islamic State Jihad as National Liberation Global Jihad Twenty-First-Century Challenges and Opportunities A Siege Mentality A Crisis of Religious Authority Whither Islamism? Economic and Social Issues New Frontiers Conclusion Glossary Index