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Contributors Preface Abbreviations About the Companion Website Section 1 Anatomy of the Pancreas 1 Development of the Pancreas and Related StructuresBrian Lewis and Junhao Mao 2 Anatomy, Histology, and Fine Structure of the PancreasDaniel S. Longnecker, Fred Gorelick, and Elizabeth D. Thompson 3 Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the PancreasMartin Zenker and Markus M. Lerch Section 2 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Pancreatic Functions 4 Physiology of Acinar Cell SecretionOle H. Petersen 5 Physiology of Duct Cell SecretionMei Zeng, Laura Vachel, and Shmuel Muallem 6 Pathophysiology of Experimental PancreatitisVikas Dudeja, Rajinder Dawra, and Ashok K. Saluja 7 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Function of Sphincter of OddiSavio George Barreto and James Toouli 8 Neurohormonal and Hormonal Control of Pancreatic SecretionChung Owyang 9 Regulation of Pancreatic Protein Synthesis and GrowthMaria Dolors Sans and John A. Williams 10 Fibrogenesis in the Pancreas: The Role of Stellate CellsMinoti V. Apte, Romano C. Pirola, and Jeremy S. Wilson 11 Fibrogenesis of the Pancreas: The Role of MacrophagesAida Habtezion 12 Insulo–Acinar RelationshipKeiko Shiratori and Kyoko Shimizu Section 3 Acute Pancreatitis 13 Epidemiology and Etiology of Alcohol]Induced PancreatitisJeremy S. Wilson, Romano C. Pirola, and Minoti V. Apte 14 Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Biliary PancreatitisMichael G.T. Raraty, Andrea Sheel, and John P. Neoptolemos 15 Genetic Factors in Acute PancreatitisZachary Zator and Georgios I. Papachristou 16 The Role of the Intestine and Mesenteric Lymph in the Development of Systemic Inflammation and MODS in Severe Acute PancreatitisAlistair B.J. Escott, Anthony R.J. Phillips, and John A. Windsor 17 The Role of Neurogenic Inflammation in PancreatitisJami L. Saloman, Kathryn M. Albers, and Brian M. Davis 18 Molecular, Biochemical, and Metabolic Abnormalities in Acute PancreatitisJulia Mayerle, Frank Ulrich Weiss, Walter Halangk, and Markus M. Lerch 19 Histopathology of Acute PancreatitisGunter Kloppel 20 Clinical Classification Systems of Acute PancreatitisJohn A. Windsor and Max S. Petrov 21 Clinical Assessment and Biochemical Markers to Objectify Severity and PrognosisBettina M. Rau and Guido Alsfasser 22 Acute Pancreatitis Associated With Congenital AnomaliesChristopher R. Schlieve, Andrew L. Warshaw, and Tracy C. Grikscheit 23 Acute Pancreatitis in ChildrenMark E. Lowe and Veronique D. Morinville 24 Acute Pancreatitis Associated With Metabolic Disorders, Infectious Diseases, or DrugsAli A. Aghdassi and Markus M. Lerch 25 Radiologic Diagnosis and Staging of Severe Acute PancreatitisYoshihisa Tsuji Clinical Course and Medical Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis   26 Conservative Therapy of Acute Pancreatitis: Volume Substitution and Enteral and Parenteral NutritionTimothy B. Gardner 27 ICU Treatment of Severe Acute PancreatitisScott R. Gunn and David C. Whitcomb 28 Use of Antibiotics in Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Indications and LimitationsRainer Isenmann and Mathias Wittau Interventional and Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis 29 Indications for Interventional and Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing PancreatitisThomas E. Clancy 30 Management of Infected Pancreatic Necroses: An Endoscopic ApproachEduardo Rodrigues]Pinto and Todd H. Baron 31 Minimally Invasive Debridement and Lavage of Necrotizing PancreatitisRebecca Saunders, Michael G.T. Raraty, Chris Halloran, and John P. Neoptolemos 32 Open Surgical Debridement in Necrotizing PancreatitisLutz Schneider and Markus W. Buchler 33 Endoscopic Treatment of Biliary Acute PancreatitisIchiro Yasuda, Shinpei Doi, and Masatoshi Mabuchi 34 Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Walled]Off Necrosis After Acute Pancreatitis: Interventional Endoscopic ApproachesGeorg Beyer, Julia Mayerle, and Markus M. Lerch 35 Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Walled]Off Necrosis After Acute Pancreatitis: Surgical TreatmentNaohiro Sata, Masaru Koizumi, and Alan K. Lefor 36 Management of Fluid Collection in Acute PancreatitisFelix Lammerhirt, Frank Ulrich Weiss, and Markus M. Lerch 37 Management of Pancreatic Fistula in Acute PancreatitisJorg Kaiser, Thilo Hackert, and Markus W. Buchler Long–Term Outcome After Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis 38 Long]Term Outcome After Acute PancreatitisChristin Tjaden and Thilo Hackert Section 4 Chronic Pancreatitis 39 Molecular Understanding of Chronic PancreatitisJohn F. Eisses and Sohail Z. Husain 40 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Alcoholic Chronic PancreatitisAtsushi Masamune and Tooru Shimosegawa 41 Pain Mechanisms in Chronic PancreatitisPierluigi di Sebastiano, Tommaso Grottola, and Francesco F. di Mola 42 Natural History of Recurrent Acute and Chronic PancreatitisRohit Das and Dhiraj Yadav 43 Chronic Pancreatitis with Inflammatory Mass of the Pancreatic HeadUlrich F. Wellner and Tobias Keck 44 Early Chronic PancreatitisTetsuhide Ito, Masayuki Hijioka, and Tooru Shimosegawa 45 Hereditary Chronic Pancreatitis: Molecular Pattern, Clinical Consequences, and Management PrinciplesCeleste Shelton and David C. Whitcomb 46 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Tropical Chronic PancreatitisShailesh V. Shrikhande and Savio George Barreto 47 Cystic Fibrosis (CFTR)]Associated Pancreatic DiseaseChee Y. Ooi and Aliye Uc 48 Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Chronic PancreatitisJulia Mayerle, Peter Simon, and Markus M. Lerch 49 Evidence of Contrast]Enhanced CT and MRI/MRCPJ. Enrique Dominguez]Munoz, Roberto Garcia]Figueiras, and Julio Iglesias]Garcia 50 Chronic Pancreatitis: Risk Factors in CancerAlbert B. Lowenfels and Patrick Maisonneuve Conservative Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis 51 Pain Management in Chronic PancreatitisKai Bachmann, Stephanie Plagemann, Yogesh Kumar Vashist, and Jakob R. Izbicki 52 Medical Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis: Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes: Lipases, ProteasesMark E. Lowe 53 Nutritional Support of Chronic PancreatitisSinead N. Duggan and Stephen J. O’Keefe 54 Medical Therapy for Chronic Pancreatitis: AntioxidantsChris E. Forsmark Strategies for Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis 55 Evidence of Endoscopic and Interventional Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis and PseudocystsJorg Schirra, Markus M. Lerch, and Julia Mayerle 56 Indications and Goals of Surgical TreatmentRyan T. Groeschl and Michael B. Farnell 57 Pancreatic Duct Drainage ProcedureDirk Bausch and Tobias Keck 58 Duodenum]Preserving Pancreatic Head ResectionHans G. Beger, Bertram Poch, Yang Yinmo, and Waldemar Uhl 59 Major Pancreatic ResectionMay C. Tee and Michael B. Farnell 60 Laparoscopic SurgeryVernissia Tam, Melissa E. Hogg, and Amer Zureikat Management of Diabetes and Long–Term Outcome of Chronic Pancreatitis 61 Chronic Pancreatitis: Long]Term Outcome After Medical and Surgical TreatmentVolker Asfalg, Norbert Huser, and Helmut Friess 62 Management of Pancreatic Diabetes Secondary to Chronic PancreatitisKeiko Shiratori Section 5 Autoimmune Pancreatitis 63 Epidemiology of Autoimmune PancreatitisTerumi Kamisawa and Tooru Shimosegawa 64 Pathogenesis of Autoimmune PancreatitisYoh Zen 65 Histology of Autoimmune PancreatitisRajib Gupta and Vikram Deshpande 66 Clinical Manifestation of Type 1 Autoimmune PancreatitisTooru Shimosegawa, Morihisa Hirota, and Atsushi Kanno 67 Clinical Manifestations of Type 2 Autoimmune PancreatitisEmma L. Culver and George Webster 68 Laboratory Diagnosis of Autoimmune PancreatitisJ.]Matthias Lohr, Pia Maier, and Stephan L. Haas 69 What is the Evidence Measuring Immune MarkersShigeyuki Kawa 70 Imaging Diagnosis of Autoimmune PancreatitisKazuichi Okazaki, Tsukasa Ikeura, Kazushige Uchida, and Makoto Takaoka 71 Medical Management of Autoimmune PancreatitisShounak Majumder and Suresh T. Chari Long–Term Outcome of Management of Autoimmune Pancreatitis 72 Long]Term Outcome After Treatment of Autoimmune PancreatitisLuca Frulloni and Nicolo de Pretis Section 6 Neoplastic Tumors of the Exocrine Tissue: Benign Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas 73 Epidemiology of Cystic Neoplasms of the PancreasSaurabh Mukewar and Suresh T. Chari 74 Histologic Classification and Staging of Cystic NeoplasmsNoriyoshi Fukushima and Giuseppe Zamboni 75 Molecular Mechanisms of Cystic NeoplasiaNickolas Papadopoulos and Ralph H. Hruban 76 Clinical Presentation of Cystic NeoplasmsSusumu Hijioka, Kazuo Hara, Nobumasa Mizuno, Nozomi Okuno, and Kenji Yamao 77 Evaluation of Cystic Lesions Using EUS, MRI, and CTAnne Marie Lennon and Hiroyuki Maguchi 78 Cytologic Evaluation of Cystic NeoplasmsMartha Bishop Pitman 79 Natural History of Cystic Neoplasms: IPMN, MCN, SCN, and SPNAnna]Katharina Stadler, Thilo Hackert, Stefan Fritz, and Markus W. Buchler 80 Surveillance or Surgical Treatment in Asymptomatic Cystic NeoplasmsKlaus Sahora and Carlos Fernandez]del Castillo Local and Standard Surgical Treatment of Cystic Neoplasms 81 Duodenum]Preserving Partial or Total Pancreatic Head ResectionHans G. Beger and Bertram Poch 82 Pancreatic Middle Segment ResectionCalogero Iacono 83 The Indications For and Limitations of Tumor EnucleationRosalie A. Carr, C. Max Schmidt, and Henry A. Pitt 84 Standard Surgical Management of IPMN, MCN, SPN, and SCN Lesions: Open ApproachMiral Sadaria Grandhi, Barish H. Edil, and Richard D. Schulick 85 Surgical Treatment of Cystic Neoplasms: Laparoscopic ApproachRichard A. Burkhart, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Markus W. Buchler, and Thilo Hackert 86 Management of Recurrence of Cystic NeoplasmsZhi Ven Fong, Christopher L. Wolfgang, and Keith D. Lillemoe Long–Term Outcome of Management of Cystic Neoplasms 87 Long]Term Outcome After Observation and Surgical Treatment: What is the Evidence?Giovanni Marchegiani, Giuseppe Malleo, and Claudio Bassi Section 7 Neoplastic Tumors of Exocrine Tissue: Pancreatic Cancer 88 Epidemiology of Pancreatic CancerEvelina Mocci and Alison P. Klein 89 Smoking, a Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: Experimental and Clinical DataUwe A. Wittel, Bradley R. Hall, and Surinder K. Batra 90 Molecular Understanding of Development of Ductal Pancreatic CancerLaura D. Wood and Ralph H. Hruban 91 Familial Pancreatic CancerAlison P. Klein 92 Pathology of Exocrine Pancreatic TumorsMeredith E. Pittman and Ralph H. Hruban 93 Pancreatic Cancer: Precancerous LesionsMichael Noe, Lodewijk A.A. Brosens, and Johan Offerhaus 94 Clinical History and Risk Factors of Pancreatic CancerNorbert Huser, Volker Asfalg, and Helmut Friess 95 Pancreatic Cancer Within the Uncinate Process: Radiologic and Clinical CharacteristicsSebastian Hollander and Dieter Birk 96 The Role of EUS in the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Neoplastic LesionsSusumu Hijioka, Kazuo Hara, Nobumasa Mizuno, Nozomi Okuno, and Kenji Yamao 97 Radiologic Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: CT, MRISiva P. Raman and Elliot K. Fishman 98 Screening of Patients with Hereditary Pancreatic CancerMichael Goggins 99 The Role of PET in Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and Cancer RecurrenceNorbert Huser, Volker Asfalg, Isabel Rauscher, and Helmut Friess 100 Tumor Markers in Pancreatic MalignanciesShin Hamada, Atsushi Masamune, and Tooru Shimosegawa 101 The Role of Laparoscopy and Peritoneal Cytology in the Management of Pancreatic CancerKyoichi Takaori and Shinji Uemoto 102 Clinical Assessment and Staging of Advanced Pancreatic CancerJennifer LaFemina, Ann K. Friedrich, and Giles F. Whalen Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer 103 Pancreatic Cancer: Indications for ResectionAkimasa Nakao 104 Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer, Short] and Long]Term Outcomes After Kausch–Whipple and Pylorus]Preserving ResectionJin He and John L. Cameron 105 Left Pancreatectomy for Body and Tail CancerGeorgios Gemenetzis and Christopher L. Wolfgang 106 Total Pancreatectomy: Indications and LimitationsSeiko Hirono and Hiroki Yamaue 107 Laparoscopic and Robotic Resection for Pancreatic CancerDeepa Magge, Herbert J. Zeh, and Melissa E. Hogg 108 Extended Radical Surgery for Pancreatic CancerThilo Hackert, Alexis Ulrich, and Markus W. Buchler 109 Palliative Pancreatoduodenectomy: Benefits and LimitationsChristoph W. Michalski, Max Heckler, Mert Erkan, and Markus W. Buchler 110 Bypass Surgery for Advanced Pancreatic CancerJurgen Weitz, Thomas Pausch, Christoph W. Michalski, and Thilo Hackert Nonsurgical Palliation of Pancreatic Cancer 111 Endoscopic and Interventional Palliation of Pancreatic CancerTakao Itoi Medical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer 112 Neoadjuvant Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Downstaging ResultsRobert A. Wolff and Gauri Varadhachary 113 Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Pancreatic CancerRobert P. Jones, Paula Ghaneh, and John P. Neoptolemos 114 Immunotherapy for Pancreatic CancerAdrian G. Murphy, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, and Lei Zheng 115 Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic CancerVincent Bernard and Anirban Maitra 116 Palliative Chemotherapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Survival Benefit and Side Effects of TreatmentOlusola O. Faluyi, Madhuchanda Chatterjee, and Daniel H. Palmer 117 Management of Pain in Pancreatic CancerMichael Erdek, Indy Wilkinson, and Zackary E. Boomsaad 118 Role of Radio and Proton Beam Therapy for Pancreatic CancerAmol K. Narang, Lauren M. Rosati, Michael D. Chuong, and Joseph M. Herman 119 Management of Cancer RecurrenceOliver Strobel and Markus W. Buchler Long–Term Outcome After Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer 120 Survival and Late Morbidity After Resection of Pancreatic CancerAvinoam Nevler, Charles J. Yeo, and Jordan M. Winter Section 8 Neoplastic Tumors of the Endocrine Pancreas: Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas 121 Epidemiology and Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the PancreasJ.J. Mukherjee, Kok]Onn Lee, and Gregory Kaltsas 122 Pathology of Neuroendocrine NeoplasmsAtsuko Kasajima and Hironobu Sasano 123 Molecular Genetics of Neuroendocrine TumorsNickolas Papadopoulos and Ralph H. Hruban 124 Clinical Manifestation of Endocrine Tumors of the PancreasKen Kawabe and Tetsuhide Ito 125 Evidence of Hormonal, Laboratory, Biochemical, and Instrumental Diagnostics of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the PancreasKok]Onn Lee, Gregory Kaltsas, and J.J. Mukherjee 126 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in Multiple Neoplasia SyndromesAnja Rinke and Thomas Matthias Gress 127 Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Diagnosis and Management PrinciplesTakao Ohtsuka, Hideyo Kimura, and Masafumi Nakamura 128 Medical and Nucleotide Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the PancreasGregory Kaltsas, J.J. Mukherjee, and Kok]Onn Lee 129 Interventional Radiology in the Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsTakao Ohtsuka, Hideyo Kimura, and Masafumi Nakamura Surgical Management of Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas 130 Surgical Treatment of Endocrine Tumors: EnucleationHenning Dralle, Phuong Nguyen Thanh, and Andreas Machens 131 Local Treatment of Endocrine Tumors: Duodenum]Preserving Partial or Total Pancreatic Head Resection and Pancreatic Middle]Segment ResectionHans G. Beger and Wataru Kimura 132 Surgical Treatment of Endocrine Tumors: Major Oncologic ResectionHenning Dralle, Phuong Nguyen Thanh, and Andreas Machens 133 Management of InsulinomaKeijiro Ueda, Linkaku Lee, and Tetsuhide Ito 134 Evidence of Medical and Surgical Treatment of GastrinomaRyuichiro Doi 135 Rare Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas: Management and Evidence of Surgical Treatment Ryuichiro Doi 136 Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas and Biliary TractAndrea Frilling, Ashley K. Clift, and Vito Cincinnati Long–Term Outcome After Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas 137 Long]Term Outcome After Treatment of Endocrine TumorsAndreas Machens and Henning Dralle Section 9 Periampullary Cancers and Tumors Other Than Pancreatic Cancer 138 Periampullary Cancer: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic StrategiesAmanda B. Cooper and Keith D. Lillemoe 139 Histology and Genetics of Cancer of the Papilla, Distal Common Bile Duct, and DuodenumYue Xue, Michelle D. Reid, and N. Volkan Adsay 140 Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater: Diagnosis and ManagementOmer Basar and William R. Brugge 141 Endoscopic Treatment of Adenomas of the Ampulla of Vater: Techniques, Results, Benefits, and LimitationsNatsuyo Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Isayama, and Kazuhiko Koike 142 Surgical Treatment of Adenoma and Cancer of Papilla of VaterHans G. Beger, Bertram Poch, and Bettina M. Rau 143 Surgical Treatment of Duodenal CancerFuyuhiko Motoi and Michiaki Unno 144 Surgical Treatment of Distal CholangiocarcinomaYukihiro Yokoyama, Tomoki Ebata, and Masato Nagino 145 Adjuvant and Palliative Chemotherapy of Periampullary CancersEyas Mohamed, Paula Ghaneh, and John P. Neoptolemos Long–Term Survival After Tumor Resection 146 Long]Term Survival After Resection of Periampullary CancerMasayuki Ohtsuka and Masaru Miyazaki Section 10 Transplantation of the Pancreas 147 Transplantation of Pancreatic IsletsBernhard J. Hering and Melena D. Bellin 148 Transplantation of the PancreasHans W. Sollinger and Dixon B. Kaufman Index