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List of contributors Foreword Preface About the companion website 1 Introduction to endodontologyJohn Whitworth, Lise–Lotte Kirkevang, and Lars Bjørndal Part 1 The Vital Pulp 2 The dentin–pulp complex: structure, functions, threats, and response to external injuryLars Bjørndal and Alastair J. Sloan 3 Dentinal and pulpal painInge Fristad and Matti Närhi 4 Clinical pulp diagnosis and decision–makingKerstin Petersson and Claes Reit 5 Caries pathology and management in deep stages of lesion formationLars Bjørndal 6 Treatment of vital pulp conditionsLars Bjørndal, Helena Fransson, and Stéphane Simon Part 2 The Infected Necrotic Pulp and Apical Periodontitis 7 Apical periodontitisZvi Metzger, Anda Kfir, and Itzhak Abramovitz 8 Microbiology of the inflamed and necrotic pulpLuis E. Chávez de Paz 9 Clinical diagnosis of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitisDag Ørstavik Part 3 Endodontic Treatment Procedures 10 Endodontic emergenciesPeter Jonasson, Maria Pigg, and Lars Bjørndal 11 Controlling the environment – the aseptic working fieldMerete Markvart and Pia Titterud Sunde 12 Access and canal negotiation: the first key procedural steps for successful endodontic treatmentOve A. Peters and Ana Arias 13 Root canal instrumentationLars Bergmans and Paul Lambrechts 14 Irrigation and disinfectionMarkus Haapasalo and Ya Shen 15 Root canal filling 15.1 Root canal filling materialsGottfried Schmalz and Birger Thonemann 15.2 Root canal filling techniquesAmir–Taymour Moinzadeh and Hagay Shemesh Part 4 The Endodontically Treated Tooth 16 The root canal–treated tooth in prosthodontic reconstructionKishor Gulabivala and Yuan–Ling Ng 17 Clinical epidemiology: measuring endodontic disease and treatment outcomeLise–Lotte Kirkevang 18 Endodontic retreatment – the decision–making processFrank Setzer and Bekir Karabucak 19 Nonsurgical retreatmentThomas Kvist and Luc van der Sluis 20 Surgical endodonticsLise–Lotte Kirkevang, Vibe Rud, and Thomas Kvist Part 5 Additional Considerations 21 Local anesthetic considerationsNigel Foot and John Whitworth 22 Complex orofacial pain conditionsLene Baad–Hansen and Peter Svensson 23 Endodontic complications after traumaJohn Whitworth 24 Medicolegal considerationsLars Bjørndal, Shiv Pabary, and John Whitworth 25 Emergencies in need of urgent referralTara Renton 26 The transition to independent practicePeter Musaeus Index