目次

1 Introduction1.1 Historical background1.1.1 Two-dimensional electron systems1.1.2 Surface superstructures1.1.3 Superconductivity1.1.4 Two-dimensional superconductivity1.1.5 Superconductivity in surface states1.1.6 Atomic thick superconductors1.2 Direction of this study1.3 Structure of this thesisReferences2 Fundamentals2.1 Surface electronic states and spatial inversion symmetry2.1.1 Rashba effect2.2 Electrical transport2.2.1 Drude model2.2.2 Boltzmann equation2.2.3 Matthiessen’s low2.2.4 Ioffe-Regel limit2.3 Basic properties of superconductivity2.3.1 London equation2.3.2 GL theory2.3.3 BCS theory2.3.4 Josephson effect and critical current2.4 Special cases of superconductivity2.4.1 Strong coupled superconductor2.4.2 Two-dimensional superconductivity2.4.3 Disorder-induced superconductor-insulator transition2.4.4 Superconductivity without spatial inversion symmetryReferences3 Experimental methods3.1 Electron diffraction3.2 Electrical transport measurement3.3 Experimental appratusReferences4 Thallium biatomic layer4.1 Background4.2 Structual properties of Si(111) - 6×6 - Tl4.2.1 Atomic arrangement4.2.2 Electronic structure4.3 Purpose of this study4.4 Electrical transport studies on Si(111) - 6×6 - Tl4.4.1 Sample preparation4.4.2 Results4.4.3 Discussion4.5 SummaryReferences5 Thallium-lead monatomiclayer compound5.1 Background5.2 Structual properties of Si(111) - √ 3× √ 3 - (Tl, Pb)5.2.1 Atomic arrangement5.2.2 Electronic structure5.3 Purpose of this study5.4 Electrical transport studies on Si(111) -√ 3× √ 3 - (Tl, Pb)5.4.1 Sample preparation5.4.2 Results5.4.3 Discussion5.5 SummaryReferences6 Intercalation Compounds of Bilayer Graphene6.1 Background6.1.1 Graphaite intercalation compounds6.1.2 Metal doping to graphene6.2 Structual properties of Intercalation Compounds of Bilayer Graphene6.2.1 Graphene on SiC6.2.2 Atomic arrangement6.2.3 Electronic structure6.3 Porpose of this study6.4 Electrical transport studies on intercalation compounds of bilayer graphene6.4.1 Sample preparation6.4.2 Results on pristine bilayer graphene6.4.3 Results on C 6 LiC 6 and C 6 CaC 66.4.4 Discussion6.5 SummaryReferences7 Conclusion7.1 General statement7.1.1 Electronic structure and superconductivity7.1.2 Two-dimensionality7.2 OutlookReferences