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List of Figures List of Maps Introduction to Fourth Edition Note on the Framework of events Publisher’s Acknowledgements PART ONE: RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CHALLENGE OF WAR Framework of Events 1. Britain in the early 1780s: I Society and economy 2. Britain in the early 1780s: II Politics and Government 3. ‘A nation restored’ I: Politics and finance under Pitt, 1784-1790 4. ‘A nation restored’ II: Foreign Policy and Trade, 1783-93 5. The new political economy and the early impact of laissez-faire 6. The new moral economy: Wilberforce, the Saints and New Dissent 7. The decline of the Whigs and the emergence of a new Conservatism, 1788-1812 8. Radicalism, repression and patriotism, 1789-1803 9. The wars with France I: Pitt’s War, Addington’s Peace, 1793-1803 10. The wars with France II:I Endurance and Triumph, 1803-1815 11. Ireland: the road to Union, 1782-1801 PART TWO: IMPERIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 12. Empire I: Trade, Influence and Expansion 13. Empire II: Rule, Resistance and Reaction 14. The onset of industrialism 15. Entrepreneurs and markets 16. The structure and organisation of the workforce in early industrial Britain 17. A living from the land : landowners, farmers and improvement 18. ‘Living and partly living’: labourers, poverty and protest 19. Standards of living and quality of life 20. Organisations of labour 21. Class consciousness? PART THREE: THE CRUCIBLE OF REFORM, 1815-1846 Framework of Events 22. Unprepared for peace: distress and the resurgence of reform, 1815-1820 23. An Age of ‘Liberalism’? 24. Influence without entanglement: foreign affairs, 1815-1846 25. The crisis of reform, 1827-1832 26. ‘The real interests of the aristocracy’: the Reform Act of 1832 27. The condition of England question I: the new Poor Law 28. The condition of England question II: factory reform, education and public health 29. ‘The Church in danger’: Anglicanism and its opponents 30. The age of Peel? Politics and policies, 1832–1846 31. The politics of pressure I: Chartism 32. The politics of pressure II: the Anti-Corn-Law League PART FOUR: INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY, REFINED AND TESTED, 1846-1870 Framework of Events 33. The zenith of the bourgeoisie 34. The professionalization of government 35. Urban Britain in the age of improvement 36. Religion and Society in mid-Victorian Britain 37. Leisure and Responsibility 38. Education and the consciousness of status 39. ‘An assembly of gentlemen’: Party politics, 1846-1859 40. Palmerston and the pax Britannica 41. The revival of reform 42. ‘The principle of numbers’: toward democracy, 1867-1870 43. Imperial issues and domestic spheres 44. Identities: a modern State forged? COMPENDIUM OF INFORMATION A British governments, 1783–1870 B Parliament and parliamentary reform C The growth of Government D The economy E Population F Foreign and colonial affairs G Religion Maps Bibliography Index