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List of contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments 1. Issues regarding oceans and opportunities: an introduction to the book Salvatore Aricò 2. Main human uses of ocean areas and resources, impacts and multiple scales of governance Marjo Vierros, Rashid Sumaila and Rolph A. Payet 3. Physical and chemical changes in the ocean over basin-wide zones and decadal or longer time-scales: perspectives on current and future conditions Gunnar Kullenberg, Eddy Carmack and Kenneth Denman 4. Knowledge and implications of global change in the oceans for biology, ecology and ecosystem services Roberto Danovaro, Cristina Gambi and Cinzia Corinaldesi 5. A new perspective on changing Arctic marine ecosystems: panarchy adaptive cycles in pan-Arctic spatial and temporal scales Henry P. Huntington, Eddy Carmack, Paul Wassmann, Francis Wiese, Eva Leu and Rolf Gradinger 6. Ecosystem approach and ocean management Marjo Vierros, Ian D. Cresswell, Peter Bridgewater and Anthony D. M. Smith 7. Challenges in using valuation in ecosystem-based management in a marine context: the case of UK marine protected area designation Salman Hussain 8. The contribution of international scientific cooperation and related institutions to effective governance for the oceans: the cases of regional tsunami early warning systems and the Argo project Stefano Belfiore and Aurora Mateos 9. Emerging and unresolved issues: the example of marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction Marjo Vierros, Charlotte Salpin, Claudio Chiarolla and Salvatore Aricò 10. The assumption that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is the legal framework for all activities taking place in the sea Tullio Scovazzi 11. The legal regime of outer space in light of the Law of the Sea Viviana Iavicoli 12. Towards sustainable oceans in the twenty-first century Salvatore Aricò, Gunnar Kullenberg and Biliana Cicin-Sain.