Anthropology and architecture both emerge as autonomous theoretical disciplines in the 18th century enlightenment. Throughout the 19th century, both fields shared a common icon-the primitive hut-and a common concern with both routine and ceremonial human needs and behaviours. Both could lay strong claims to a special knowledge of the everyday. And yet, in the 20th century. notwithstanding genre classics such as Bernard Rudofsky's Architecture without Architects or Paul Oliver's Shelter, and various attempts to make architecture anthropocentric (such as Corbusier's Modulor), the disciplinary exchange between architecture and anthropology was often disappointingly slight. This book attempts to mark the various points of departure that might be taken in a contemporary attempt to mark out what a productive discussion between architecture and anthropology might look like. The results are radical: post-colonial theory is here counterpoised to 19th century theories of primitivism, archaeology is set against dentistry, field work is juxtaposed against indigenous critique, and climate science is brought to questions of shelter. This publication will be of interest to both anthropologists and architects. The chapters originally published as a special issue in Architectural Theory Review.