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Contributors 1. Non-invasive ventilation: From the past to the present Dominique Robert and Barry Make PART 1: THE EQUIPMENT 2. Positive pressure ventilators Dean R. Hess 3. Continuous positive airway pressure Annie Lecavalier and Peter Goldberg 4. Emerging modes for non-invasive ventilation Paolo Navalesi, Federico Longhini, Rosanna Vaschetto and Antonio Messina 5. Extracorporeal CO2 removal Lara Pisani and V. Marco Ranieri 6. Interfaces Cesare Gregoretti, Vincenzo Russotto and Davide Chiumello 7. Quality control of non-invasive ventilation: Performance, service, maintenance and infection control of ventilators Jordi Rigau and Ramon Farré 8. Humidifiers and drug delivery during non-invasive ventilation Antonio M. Esquinas Rodriguez and Maria Vargas 9. How to start a patient on non-invasive ventilation Raffaele Scala and Martin Latham PART 2: THE PRACTICE – ACUTE NIV 10. How to set up an acute non-invasive ventilation service Paul K. Plant and Gregory A. Schmidt 11. Education programmes/assessment of staff competencies Alanna Hare 12. Monitoring during acute non-invasive ventilation Eumorfia Kondili, Nektaria Xirouchaki and Dimitris Georgopoulos 13. Troubleshooting non-invasive ventilation Nicholas S. Hill, Mayanka Tickoo and Najia Indress 14. Sedation and delirium Lara Pisani, Maria Laura Vega and Cesare Gregoretti 15. Timing of non-invasive ventilation Stefano Nava and Paolo Navalesi 16. Why non-invasive ventilation works in acute respiratory failure? Miguel Ferrer and Antoni Torres 17. Predicting outcome in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure Tom Hartley and Stephen C. Bourke 18. Use of NIV in the real world Mihaela Stefan, Peter Lindenauer, Najia Indress, Faisal Tamimi and Nicholas S. Hill PART 3: THE PRACTICE – CHRONIC NIV 19. Chronic ventilator service Maxime Patout, Antoine Cuvelier, Jean-François Muir and Peter Wijkstra 20. Diagnostic tests in the assessment of patients for home mechanical ventilation Michael Polkey, Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart 21. Ultrasound Daniel A. Lichtenstein 22. Patient and caregiver education Ole Norregaard 23. Discharging the patient on home ventilation Joan Escarrabill and Ole Norregaard 24. Monitoring during sleep during chronic non-invasive ventilation Jean-Paul Janssens, Jean-Christian Borel, Dan Adler and Jean-Louis Pépin 25. Continuity of care and telemonitoring Michele Vitacca PART 4: THE DISEASES 26. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure Paul P. Walker and Peter M. Calverley PART 5. :COPD 27. Non-invasive ventilation for exacerbation of COPD Martin Dres, Alexandre Demoule and Laurent Brochard 28. NIV in chronic COPD Enrico M. Clini, Nicolino Ambrosino, Ernesto Crisafulli and Guido Vagheggini 29. Non-invasive ventilation in COPD: The importance of comorbidities and phenotypes Jean-Louis Pépin, Jean-Paul Janssens, Renaud Tamisier, Damien Viglino, Dan Adler and Jean-Christian Borel 30. High-intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation Sarah Bettina Schwarz, Friederike Sophie Magnet and Wolfram Windisch PART 6: HYPOXAEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE 31. Home oxygen therapy in chronic respiratory failure Jadwiga A. Wedzicha and Mark W. Elliott 32. Acute oxygen therapy Mark W. Elliott 33. High-flow oxygen therapy: Physiological effects and clinical evidence Nuttapol Rittayamai, Arnaud W. Thille and Laurent Brochard 34. Equipment for oxygen therapy Jane Slough 35. Non-invasive ventilation for hypoxaemic respiratory failure Massimo Antonelli and Giuseppe Bello PART 7: CARDIAC FAILURE 36. Acute heart failure syndrome Ross S. Archibald and Alasdair J. Gray 37. Ventilation in chronic congestive cardiac failure Matthew T. Naughton PART 8: NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE 38. Muscle disorders and ventilatory failure David Hilton-Jones 39. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure in neuromuscular diseases Franco Laghi, Hameeda Shaikh and Dejan Radovanovic 40. Slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases Vikram A. Padmanabhan and Joshua O. Benditt 41. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Stephen C. Bourke and John Steer 42. Duchenne muscular dystrophy Anita K. Simonds 43. Central sleep apnoea Shahrokh Javaheri and Mark W. Elliott 44. Mouthpiece ventilation for daytime ventilatory support Miguel R. Gonçalves and Tiago Pinto PART 9: CHEST WALL DEFORMITY 45. Scoliosis William J. M. Kinnear PART 10: OBESITY 46. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure in obesity Francesco Fanfulla 47. Acute non-invasive ventilation in obesity-related respiratory failure Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart 48. Non-invasive ventilation in acute and chronic respiratory failure due to obesity Juan Fernando Masa, Isabel Utrabo and Francisco Javier Gómez de Terreros PART 11: OTHER CONDITIONS 49. Bronchiectasis and adult cystic fibrosis Sean Duffy, Frederic Jaffe and Gerard J. Criner 50. Non-invasive ventilation in highly infectious conditions: Lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome David S. C. Hui 51. NIV in cancer patients Raffaele Scala, Uberto Maccari, Giuseppina Ciarleglio, Valentina Granese and Chiara Madioni 52. Non-invasive ventilation in the elderly Erwan L’Her and Corinne Troadec-L’Her 53. Post-surgery non-invasive ventilation Maria Laura Vega and Stefano Nava 54. Trauma Umberto Lucangelo, Massimo Ferluga and Matteo Segat 55. Spinal cord injuries Sven Hirschfeld PART 12: PAEDIATRIC VENTILATORY FAILURE 56. Equipment and interfaces in children Alessandro Amaddeo, Annick Frapin and Brigitte Fauroux 57. Chronic non-invasive ventilation for children Alessandro Amaddeo, Annick Frapin and Brigitte Fauroux 58. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure Giorgio Conti, Marco Piastra and Silvia Pulitanò PART 13: SPECIAL SITUATIONS 59. Bronchoscopy during non-invasive ventilation Massimo Antonelli and Giuseppe Bello 60. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the obstetric population Bushra Mina, Daniel Zapata and David Wisa 61. Diaphragm pacing (by phrenic nerve stimulation) Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo 62. Tracheostomy Piero Ceriana, Paolo Pelosi and Maria Vargas 63. Swallowing and phonation during ventilation Hélène Prigent and Nicolas Terzi PART 14: PROLONGED WEANING 64. End-of-life care and non-invasive ventilation Christina Faull 65. Pathophysiology of weaning failure Theodoros I. Vassilakopoulos 66. Non-invasive ventilation for weaning and extubation failure Scott K. Epstein 67. Weaning strategies and protocols Michele Vitacca and Luca Barbano 68. Specialised weaning units Aditi Satti, James Brown, Gerard J. Criner and Bernd Schönhofer 69. Psychological problems during weaning Amal Jubran PART 15: THE PHYSIOTHERAPIST AND ASSISTED VENTILATION 70. Respiratory physiotherapy (including cough assistance techniques and glossopharyngeal breathing) Miguel R. Gonçalves and João Carlos Winck 71. Rehabilitation Rik Gosselink, Bruno Clerckx, T. Troosters, J. Segers and D. Langer PART 16: OUTCOME MEASURES 72. Health status and quality of life Wolfram Windisch PART 17: THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE OF NIV 73. Psychological issues for the mechanically ventilated patient Linda L. Bieniek, Daniel F. Dilling and Bernd Schönhofer 74. The patient’s journey Stefano Nava 75. A patient’s journey: NIV Jeanette Erdmann and Andrea L. Klein 76. A carer’s journey Gail Beacock and Patrick Beacock Index