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List of Contributors Section 1: The Science of One Health Chapter One Epidemiology: Science as a Tool to Inform One Health Policy 1.1          Introduction 1.2          Enhancing our understanding of health and disease 1.2.1      Causes of Disease 1.2.1.1   Deterministic Models of Disease 1.2.1.2   Hill’s Causal Criteria 1.2.1.3   Multifactorial Models of Disease Causation 1.2.1.4   Breaking the Chain of Transmission 1.2.2      Assessing the Impact of Disease 1.2.3      Natural Course of Disease 1.2.3.1   Reservoirs of Disease 1.2.3.2   Humans as a Reservoir 1.2.3.3   Domestic Animal Reservoirs 1.2.3.4   Wildlife Reservoirs 1.2.3.5   Environmental Reservoirs 1.3          From Understanding Epidemiology to Public Policy 1.3.1      Assessment of diagnostic test reliability 1.3.2      Determination of safety and effectiveness of new treatments and vaccines 1.3.3      Assessment of health at the level of the individual, community and ecosystem 1.3.4      Establishing disease response regulations and control standards 1.4          Examples of the Benefits of Using the One Health Approach to Disease Control 1.4.1      Brucellosis in Uganda 1.4.2      Tuberculosis in Michigan, USA Chapter Two Health Impacts in a Changing Climate 2.1          Introduction 2.2          Our changing climate 2.2.1      Climate change effects on temperature 2.2.2      Climate change effects on precipitation 2.2.3      Climate change effects on severe weather 2.3          The basis for a human cause for climate change 2.4          21st century projections of climate change 2.5          Climate and health 2.5.1      Temperature–related death and illness 2.5.2      Air quality impacts 2.5.3      Vector borne diseases 2.5.4      Water related illnesses 2.5.5      Food safety, nutrition and distribution 2.5.6      Extreme weather related impacts 2.5.7      Mental health and well–being 2.5.8      Climate – health risk factors and populations of concern 2.5.9      2.6 Summary and a look forward Chapter Three Food safety and security 3.1 Evolution of food production 3.1.1 Case study: outbreak linked to food sourced globally 3.2 Foodborne illness 3.3 One Health approach to foodborne illness detection and response 3.3.1 Case study: outbreak associated to caramel apples 3.4 Antibiotic resistance and food safety 3.5 Zoonotic disease and foodborne pathogens 3.5.1 Case study: outbreak of Salmonella 3.6 Outbreak response communication Chapter Four Water Security in a Changing World 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Water–borne Pathogens and Contaminants, Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment and Management of Water Safety 4.2.1 Water–borne pathogens 4.2.2 Antibiotic resistant bacteria in source and drinking water 4.2.3 Chemical hazards in the drinking water 4.2.4. Pharmaceuticals in wastewater and raw water sources 4.2.5 Water treatment methods 4.2.6 Thermal treatment 4.2.7 Chemical disinfection 4.2.8 Filtration 4.2.9 Other treatment methods 4.2.10 Surveillance for waterborne diseases 4.2.11 Requirements for drinking water quality 4.2.12 Water safety plans (WSP) 4.3 The Water/Energy/Food Nexus: mitigating global risks 4.3.1 Water/Energy Nexus 4.3.2 Water/Food Nexus 4.3.3 Water/Energy/Food Nexus: summary and next steps Chapter Five One Toxicology, One Health, One Planet 5.1. Introduction 5.1.1. History 5.1.2. Toxic chemicals in our environment 5.1.3. One Toxicology 5.2 Key concepts 5.2.1. Dose–response relationships 5.2.2. Differences in susceptibility 5.2.3. Periods of increased susceptibility 5.2.4. Receptors 5.2.5. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics 5.3. Ecotoxicology and human exposures 5.3.1. Everyday toxicology and ecotoxicology: contrasts, complexities, and challenges 5.3.2. Toxicant fate in the environment 5.3.3. Contrasts in feasibility: examinations and interventions 5.3.4. Indirect effects of chemicals 5.3.5. Direct immunotoxicity and indirectly mediated immunosuppression 5.3.6. Neurotoxicity 5.3.7. Endocrine disruption 5.3.8. Reproductive and developmental toxicity 5.4 Case studies 5.4.1 Domoic Acid 5.4.2 Lead 5.5 Toxicological risk assessment and One Health 5.5.1. Risk assessment 5.5.2. Regulatory toxicology 5.5.3. One Health and One Toxicology on One Earth 5.6. Conclusions     Chapter Six Biodiversity and Health 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Connectivity 6.2.1. Biodiversity as an indicator of health 6.2.2. Social factors 6.3 Grand challenges development goals, global health security and ecosystem health 6.3.1. The case of agriculture, food security, and biodiversity 6.3.2. The case of wildlife trade, bush meat, and biodiversity 6.3.3. The case of infectious diseases and biodiversity 6.3.4. The case of climate change, conflict, and human and animal migration 6.4. Conclusions and way forward 6.4.1. The application of complexity science and technology tools to optimize health and environmental outcomes Chapter Seven Emerging Infectious Diseases: Old nemesis, new challenges 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Rabies 7.2.1. Natural history 7.2.2. The epizoology of rabies virus 7.2.3. Global burden 7.3 Avian influenza 7.3.1. Natural history 7.3.2. Recent outbreaks 7.4. Zika virus 7.5. Ebola virus disease (EVD) 7.6 Summary Chapter Eight Companion animals and health 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Benefits and hazards of human:pet relationships 8.2.1. Physical and mental health 8.2.1.1. Impacts on human health 8.2.1.2. Impacts on pets 8.2.2. Overweight and obesity 8.2.3. Feeding practices and illness 8.2.3.1. Human illness related to pet feeding practices 8.2.3.2. Pet illness related to feeding practices 8.2.4. Infectious disease transmission 8.2.4.1. Companion animal to human transmission 8.2.4.2. Human to companion animal transmission 8.2.5. Pets, people, and antimicrobial resistance 8.2.6. Social and community health 8.2.7. Domestic health and violence 8.3. Interactions among humans, pets, and the environment 8.3.1 Working dogs 8.3.2. Environmental toxicants 8.3.3. Pets and the external environment 8.3.4. Disaster preparedness 8.3.5. Climate change 8.3.6. Zoonotic disease surveillance for both people and pets 8.4 Conclusion Vignettes (2) if needed Chapter Nine Zoological Institutions and One Health 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Zoos, aquariums and field conservation 9.3. Zoos, aquariums and the care of animals 9.4. Social aspects of zoos and aquariums 9.5. Zoonotic disease challenges: protecting visitors, staff, and animals 9.6 Case Study: West Nile Virus Outbreak: A case study for the One Health paradigm 9.7 Case Study: The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, 1999 9.8 Conclusion Section 2: Four Perspectives on One Health Policy Chapter Ten One Health Leadership and Policy 10.1 Introduction and definitions 10.2 Grand challenges in health (aka “Wicked Problems”) 10.3 Implications of Grand Challenges for One Health leadership 10.4 Critical competencies for One Health leadership 10.5 Policy–making with One Health in mind 10.6 Integrating One Health leadership approaches in hierarchical organizations 10.7 Demonstrating One Health leadership and policy in action 10.8 Case study 1: National One Health Policy Development in Cameroon and Rwanda 10.9 Case study 2: The campaign for global elimination of dog–mediated human rabies 10.10 Case Study 3: Antimicrobial Resistance – USA Chapter Eleven Implementing One health 11.1 Financing One Health Initiatives 11.2 Conclusion   Chapter Twelve The Social Cost of Carbon 12.1. introduction 12.2. Some Context on Cost–Benefit Analyses 12.3. The Social Cost of Carbon 12.3.1. Looking at Costs 12.3.2. Getting the SCC as good as it can get 12.4. Current challenges to reducing and mitigating the effects of climate change Chapter Thirteen Complex problems, progressive policy solutions and One Health 13.1 One Health as Prevention 13.1.1. Successes 13.1.2. Failures 13.2 Translating science: risk communication and science literacy 13.2.1. Communication of science 13.2.2. Liberal education and the sciences 13.3.3. Community empowerment and participatory democracy 13.4 The Economics of One Health 13.5.  From here to there Section 3: Conclusion Chapter Fourteen  The long and winding road Index