Drawing upon extensive archival research, interview material and musical analysis, Female Composers, Conductors, Performers: Musiciennes of Interwar France, 1919-1939 presents an innovative study of women working as professional musicians in France between the two World Wars. Hamer positions the activities, achievements and reception of women composers, conductors and performers against a contemporary socio-political climate that was hostile to female professionalism. The musical styles and techniques of Marguerite Canal, Jeanne Leleu, Germaine Tailleferre, Yvonne Desportes, Elsa Barraine and Claude Arrieu are discussed with reference to significant works dating from the interwar period. Hamer highlights the activities of Jane Evrard and her Orchestre feminin de Paris as well as the reception of the Orchestra of the Union des Femmes Professeurs et Compositeurs de Musique, a contemporary pro-suffrage organisation that was dedicated to defending the collective interests of musiciennes and campaigning for their employment rights. Beyond women composers and conductors, Hamer sheds light on female performers and their contribution to the interwar early music revival.