目次

Section 1: Fundamentals of Salinity Gradient Processes 1. Water Flux 2. Reverse Salt Flux 3. Internal and External Concentration Polarization 4. Thermodynamics 5. Draw Solute Selection Section 2: Membranes 6. Flat Sheet Membranes 7. Hollow Fiber Membranes 8. Determining Structural Parameter (S) 9. Membrane Modules for Large Scale Applications Section 3: Process Optimization 10. Direct Desalination with Forward Osmosis 11. Indirect Desalination with Forward Osmosis 12. Low Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis 13. High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis 14. Ultra-High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis Section 4: Case Studies 15. Oasys - Brine Concentrator (Forward Osmosis) 16. Statcraft - Low Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis 17. Megaton - High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis 18. GMVP - High Salinity Pressure Retarded Osmosis