目次

000 Preface00 Foreword0 Contents1 Setting the Stage Introduction to the area of work. Specifically addressing briefly, the following: Universal analysis versus synthesis in conventional science Determinism and complexity Logic and rule-based argument Complementarity and visualizability Modelling and machines Raison d’être of the following chapters2 Opening the Curtains Setting out the initial conditions for the work. Specifically addressing: Collections and sets, the difference between them and whether their contents are externally accessible Logic and rationality, as the terms will be used here: Brenner’s Logic In Reality and its relevance Systems and their general properties Probability: classical versus Dempster-Shafer probability3 Partial Everything The concept of Universal existence as partially-defined quasi-quantum particles. Analogue and digital with respect to transfer functions Complexity and the relevance of Robert Rosen’s description of complexity Approximation in the analogue and digital domains The overriding nature of partiality in existence and definition4 Just In Time Computation as a descriptive device ‘Just In Time’ reactivity in living systems Conventional versus chaotic computation Data versus information Computational partitioning Phase spaces and their importance Mathematics and time in living systems5 A Fishy Business Query-reflection computational processing Development of a multiply-reactive computational model ‘AQUARIUM’ as a query-reflection processor The inclusion of new data and computational ‘sleep-time’ Query propagation slowdown and the computational barrier Representation in AQUARIUM of an organism6 And Yet It Moves Modelling living systems and previous models directly relevant to this work Static and dynamic aspects of life Robert Rosen’s (M,R) systems One gene, one protein, one level of organization? Redrawing Robert Rosen’s (M,R) model Maturana and Varela’s autopoietic systems James Grier Miller’s book Living Systems Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis’s operator hierarchy Ehresmann & Vanbremeerschs’ memory evolutive neural systems (MENS) Thomas Sebeok and Thure von Uexkülls’ approach to biosemiotics Chris Langton’s ‘life at the edge of chaos’7 Seeing the Wood… … for the trees Introduction to the concept of scaleIvan Havel’s concept of scale Tree-structures and their problems Hierarchy in its traditional context Model hierarchy as the parent of traditional definitions of hierarchy Emergence and slaving in a model hierarchy Complex regions of a model hierarchy Inter-level transit and quantum error correction8 Two’s Company Complementarity Complementary duality Hierarchical duality Generalized emergence Birationality Birationality in models, paradigms and logic9 Really Reality Duality again: in entropy and life Birationality again and entity-ecosystem modelling Model hierarchy and Rosen’s (M,R) systems A modified approach to reality10 Under the Hood Abstraction in modelling Top-down or bottom-up? Entity-ecosystem rationality pairs Embodiment of living systems Using Robert Rosen’s (M,R) systems in a model hierarchy11 Thinking Things Hyperscale in living systems Dual hyperscale in a model hierarchy Metascale in living systems Intelligence, sapience and wisdom12 Making a Difference Ivan Havel’s categories of reality Charles Peirce’s categories of experience The derivation of information Information in less-than-hierarchical systems External sources in setting up information13 Two into One The neural implications of birational hierarchy Neural hemispheres and the corpus calossum Karl Pribram and complementarity in neural processing Fear-learning as a multiple processing strategy Sleep and AQUARIUM14 Mind Matters Relating together energy, awareness and consciousness Awareness versus consciousness and David Bohm From awareness to consciousness Energy and awareness Stasis-neglect and habituation A birational derivation of consciousness ‘Unconscious’ awarenesses? Coda: dual consciousness after corpus calossum sectioning15 Bridging the Gap Bridging the gap between life and physics Solid state physics as a useful exemplar Crystal-like appearances in biomolecules Electron properties in the solid state: the Kronig-Penney model Electron band structure as a hierarchy of states Linking life and physics in terms of hierarchy Cross-modelling between life and physics Scales versus Brillouin zones16 Closing the Curtains Summary of the journey through the book Conclusions and prospectiveReferences Acknowledgements Index