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Dedication About the Companion Website Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Anatomical Nomenclature, Directional Terms, and Planes of Section Microscopic Anatomy: Animal Cells and Tissues The General Plan of the Animal Body Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell Properties of Life Chemical Composition of the Cell Microscopic Study of the Cell The Cell Membrane Transport Across Cell Membranes Membrane Potentials and Excitable Cells Membrane Receptors and Intracellular Signaling Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Organelles Nucleus Cell Division Regulation of Cell Growth and Replication Chapter 3 Embryology Development of Germ Layers Principles of Differentiation Neurulation Mesodermal Differentiation Teratogenesis Chapter 4 The Skeletal System Functions of Bones Terminology Classification of Bones According to Gross Appearance Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Chapter 5 Microscopic Anatomy and Growth and Development of Bone Microscopic Anatomy and Formation of Bone Ossification Physiology of Bone Fractures and Fracture Healing Other Pathologic Conditions Chapter 6 Joints Classification of Joints Movements of Joints Types of Synovial Joints Joints of the Axial Skeleton Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton Pathology of Joints and Related Structures Chapter 7 Anatomy of the Muscular System Anatomical Nomenclature of Muscles Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Organization Muscles of the Thoracic Limb Muscles of the Head Muscles of the Trunk and Neck Chapter 8 The Equine Foot and Passive Stay Apparatus Structure of the Foot Function Stay Apparatus Chapter 9 Microscopic Anatomy and Physiology of Muscle Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Chapter 10 Anatomy of the Nervous System Microscopic Neuroanatomy Embryology Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Enteric Nervous System Chapter 11 Physiology of the Nervous System Functional Regions of the Neuron Physiology of the Nerve Impulse Synaptic Transmission Neurotransmitters Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System Regeneration and Repair in the Nervous System Chapter 12 Sense Organs Sensory Receptors Somatosensation Visceral Sensations Chemical Senses Hearing and Balance Vision Chapter 13 Endocrinology Hormones and Their Receptors Cellular Effects of Peptide Hormones Cellular Effects of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones Negative and Positive Feedback Regulation Hypothalamopituitary Axis Hormones of the Neurohypophysis Hormones of the Adenohypophysis Other Endocrine Glands Chapter 14 The Integument Integument Skin Adnexa of the Skin Modified Epidermis Coat Color in Horses Wool Chapter 15 Blood and Other Body Fluids Blood Plasma and Serum Blood pH Hemostasis and Coagulation Lymph Serous Fluids Chapter 16 Body Defenses and the Immune System Nonspecific Defenses Specific Immune Response B Lymphocytes Immunoglobulins T Cells and Cell]Mediated Immunity Lymphocyte Origin, Development, and Residence Active and Passive Immunities Immunological Surveillance Lymphatic System Chapter 17 Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System Heart Vessels Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Veins Fetal Circulation Chapter 18 Physiology of the Heart and Circulation Basic Design and Function of the Cardiovascular System Cardiac Cycle Electrical Activity of the Heart Cardiac Output and Its Regulation Structure and Function of Blood Vessels Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume Cardiovascular Function During Exercise and Hypovolemia Chapter 19 The Respiratory System Upper Respiratory Tract Thorax Physiology of Respiration Chapter 20 Anatomy of the Digestive System Organization of the Digestive System Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Simple Stomach Ruminant Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Peritoneal Features Accessory Digestive Organs Chapter 21 Physiology of Digestion Pregastric Physiology Ruminant Forestomach Gastric Physiology Physiology of the Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas, and Liver Physiology of the Cecum and Colon Rectum and Defecation Neuroendocrine Control of Feeding Chapter 22 Nutrition and Metabolism Nutrition Metabolism Chapter 23 The Urinary System Anatomy of the Kidney Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra Micturition Overview of Function and Histology of the Kidneys Glomerular Filtration Proximal Tubule Transport Concentration and Dilution of Urine: Role of the Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Transport Sodium, Potassium, and Aldosterone Urine Acidification Regulation of Acid]Base Balance Chapter 24 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Testis Epididymis Ductus Deferens Scrotum Inguinal Canal Descent of the Testis Castration Accessory Sex Glands Penis Prepuce Muscles of the Male Genitalia Blood and Nerve Supply of the Male Genitalia Chapter 25 Physiology of Male Reproduction Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis Epididymis Semen and Semen Technology Hormones of Male Reproduction Erection and Ejaculation Chapter 26 Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System Ovaries Uterine Tubes Uterus Vagina Vestibule and Vulva Blood and Nerve Supply of the Female Reproductive Tract Chapter 27 The Ovary and Estrous Cycles Oogenesis Ovulation Corpus Luteum Phases of the Estrous Cycle Specifics of Selected Estrous Cycles Chapter 28 Pregnancy and Parturition Fertilization Implantation and Placentation Hormones of Pregnancy Pregnancy Diagnosis Parturition Fetal Presentations and Delivery Dystocia Chapter 29 Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammary Glands Mammary Glands of the Cow Microscopic Anatomy of the Mammary Gland Mammary Glands of Sheep and Goats Mammary Glands of Swine Mammary Glands of the Horse Physiology of Lactation Chapter 30 Poultry Integument Body Design Skeleton and Bone Musculature Gastrointestinal System Respiratory System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Urinary System Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Sex Chromosomes Reproduction and Photoperiods Appendix: Abbreviations Bibliography Index