内容

目次

Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. Principles of Site Formation or Depositional Processes a. The Concept of the Deposit b. Types of Archaeological Deposits c. Anthropogenic Sediments d. Some Misconceptions of Site Formation and Depositional Processes e. Soils and Post–Depositional Processes f. Recording Deposits and Site Formation Processes (Stratigraphy) 2. Natural Sediments and Processes in Sites a. Introduction b. Principles of Transport and Deposition of Sediments i. Physical processes ii. Sediment properties iii. Fabric iv. Sedimentary structures v. Some remarks on the interpretation of textures, fabrics, and sedimentary structures c. Mass Movement in Sites i. Slides and slumps ii. Rock and debris falls, and avalanches and grain flows iii. Solifluction iv. Debris flows and mudflows d. Water Flows in Sites i. Shallow water flows ii. Hyperconcentrated flows iii. High energy flows e. Aeolian Processes f. Biological Sediments and Processes i. Dung, coprolites and guano ii. Bioturbation g. Post–Depositional Features and Processes i. Erosional features, deflation, lags, stone lines, and pavements ii. Diagenesis iii. Soil–forming processes h. Concluding Remarks 3. Archaeological Sediments a. Introduction b. Burnt Remains c. Organic Remains and Human Activities i. Biological constructions (matting, roofing) ii. Stabling d. Formation of Constructed Materials i. Living and constructed floors ii. Mudbricks, daub, and other mud construction materials iii. Mortar, wall plaster e. Maintenance and Discard Processes i. Sweeping and raking ii. Dumping and filling iii. Trampling f. Concluding Remarks 4. Site Stratigraphy a. Introduction b. Historical Overview c. The Definition of Stratigraphic Units in an Excavation d. Nature of Contacts e. Time and Stratigraphy f. Massive Thick Layers g. Basic Stratigraphic Principles h. What is ‘In Situ’ i. Human Constructions and Depositional Stratigraphy g. Concept of Facies k. Practicing Stratigraphy l. Concluding Remarks 5. Non–architectural sites a. Introduction b. Open–air vs. Cave Sites i. Caves ii. Open–air sites c. Other Stratigraphic Themes i. Burials ii. Palimpsests d. Concluding Remarks 6. Architectural sites a. Introduction b. Roofed Facies c. Diachronic Spatial Organization d. Unroofed Facies i. How to recognize an unroofed area? ii. Destruction and abandonment of buildings iii. Courtyards, gardens, and other open spaces iv. Street deposits e. House Pits, Pueblos and Kivas f. Tombs g. Tumulus and Mounds h. Concluding Remarks 7. Some Approaches to Field Sediment study a. Introduction b. Drawing c. Photographing d. Sampling Strategy e. Representative Sampling i. Sampling methods ii. Number of samples iii. Size of samples iv. Micromorphological sampling v. Microarchaeological sampling Concluding Remarks Sites and Place Names References Index