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CREATION AND ANNIHILATION OPERATORS FOR IDENTICAL PARTICLES General Formalism One-Particle Symmetric Operators Two-Particle Operators Complements FIELD OPERATOR Definition of the Field Operator Symmetric Operators Time Evolution of the Field Operator (Heisenberg Point of View) Relation to Field Quantization Complements PAIRED STATES OF IDENTICAL PARTICLES Creation and Annihilation Operators of a Pair of Particles Building Paired States Properties of the Kets Characterizing the Paired States Correlations Between Particles, Pair Wave Function Paired States as a Quasi-Particle Vacuum; Bogolubov-Valatin Transformations REVIEW OF CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS Classical Electrodynamics Describing the Transverse Field as an Ensemble of Harmonic Oscillators Complements QUANTIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION Quantization of the Radiation in the Coulomb Gauge Photons, Elementary Excitations of the Free Quantum ¿eld Description of the Interactions Complements ABSORPTION, EMISSION AND SCATTERING OF PHOTONS BY ATOMS A Basic Tool: the Evolution Operator Photon Absorption Between Two Discrete Atomic Levels Stimulated and Spontaneous Emissions Role of Correlation Functions in One-Photon Processes Photon Scattering by an Atom Complements QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT, MEASUREMENTS, BELL'S INEQUALITIES Introducing Entanglement, Goals of This Chapter Entangled States of Two Spin-1/2 Systems Entanglement Between More General Systems Ideal Measurement and Entangled States "Which Path" Experiment: Can One Determine the Path Followed by the Photon in Young's Double Slit Entanglement, Non-Locality, Bell's Theorem Complements APPENDIX: FEYNMAN PATH INTEGRAL Quantum Propagator of a Particle Interpretation in Terms of Classical Histories Discussion. A New Quantization Rule Operators APPENDIX: LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS Function of Two Variables Function of N Variables APPENDIX: BRIEF REVIEW OF QUANTUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS Statistical Ensembles Intensive or Extensive Physical Quantities APPENDIX: WIGNER TRANSFORM Delta Function of an Operator Wigner Distribution of the Density Operator (Spinless Particle) Wigner Transform of an Operator Generalizations Discussion: Wigner Distribution and Quantum Effects