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Series Preface…Preface…Table of Contents…Contributing Authors…Part I Introduction1. Introduction to Synaptosome Methods and ApplicationsKathryn M. Murphy Part II Introduction to Synaptosomes2. Victor P. Whittaker: The Discovery of the Synaptosome and Its ImplicationsHerbert Zimmermann3. Synaptosome Preparations: Which Procedure Should I Use?Peter R. Dunkley and Phillip J. RobinsonPart III Making Synaptosomes4. Protocol for a High-Throughput Semi-Automated Preparation for Filtered Synaptoneurosomes Justin L. Balsor and Kathryn M. Murphy5. Subcellular Fractionation of Brain Tissue from Small Tissue ExplantsVéronique De-Smedt-Peyrusse, Laetitia Darriet, Pierre Trifilieff, Etienne Herzog, and Maria Florencia Angelo6. Preparation of P2 of Percoll-Purified Synaptosomes from Mammalian Brain TissueJing Xue, Annie Quan, and Phillip J. RobinsonPart IV Studying Synaptic Energy and Metabolism using Synaptosomes7. Synaptosomal Bioenergetics and Glutamate ReleaseDavid G. Nicholls 8. Synaptosomes Bioenergetics and Calcium Handling: Aging ResponseSilvia Lores-Arnaiz, Georgina Rodriguez de Lores Arnaiz, Analia G. Karadayian, and Juanita Bustamante9. Isolation of Highly Purified and Functionally Active Synaptic MitochondriaSergei V. Baranov, Nicolas K. Khattar, Svitlana Yablonska, Oxana V. Baranova, Eric S. Kretz, Timothy M. Larkin, Diane L. Carlisle, and Robert M. Freidlander10. Affinity Proteomics for Interactome and Phosphoproteome Screening in SynaptosomesKasper Engholm-Keller, Nicolai Bache, Sushma R. Rao, Jesse R. Wark, Martin R. Larsen, Phillip J. Robinson, and Mark E. GrahamPart V Studying Synaptic Proteomics, Function, and Plasticity using Synaptosomes11. Manipulating Synapse-Enriched Biochemical Fractions to Detect a Purified Synaptic Protein’s Effect on Neurotransmitter ReleaseMarianne Cilluffo, Theodore A. Sarafian, and Joseph B. Watson12. Prosomes: Supramolecular Structures at the Synaptosome Membrane Involved in Vesicle Docking, Fusion, and Neurotransmitter ReleaseBhanu P. Jena13. SMPL-Synaptic Membranes: Nanodisc-Mediated Synaptic Membrane Mimetics Expand the Toolkit for Drug Discovery and the Molecular Cell Biology of SynapsesRiana Lo Bu, Jeffrey Clark, Thomas DiChiara, Stephen G. Sligar, and William L. KleinPart VI Studying Development and Disease using Synaptosomes14. Profiling of MicroRNA and Protein from Purified Synaptoneurosomes in a Neurodegenerative Disease ModelAmrit S. Boese, Anna Majer, and Stephanie A. Booth15. Use of Synaptoneurosome Samples to Study Development and Plasticity of Human CortexCaitlin R. Siu, Simon P. Beshara, Justin L. Balsor, Steve J. Mancini, and Kathryn M. Murphy16. The Use of Synaptosomes in Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Neurodevelopmental DisordersNadeem Murtaza, Vickie Kwan, Biren Dave, and Karun K. Singh17. Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Crude Synaptosome Preparation as a Way to Study Synaptic Alteration in Neurodegenerative DiseasesNadia P. Postupna, Caitlin S. Latimer, C. Dirk Keene, Kathleen S. Montine, Thomas J. Montine, and Martin Darvas