Powerful Pulsed Plasma Generators 1st ed. 2018(Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics Vol.101) H 250 p. 170 illu
Kolikov, Victor, Bogomaz, Alexander, Budin, Alexander 著
目次
1.Introduction……….………………………………...................….………………….. 14 References……………………………………………………………………………... 21 2 Test Benches of the IEE RAS’ Pulsed Plasma Generators..…................................. 25 2.1 Construction and Equipment of Test Benches………….....……......................... 25 2.2 Power Supplies of the Plasma Generators.……..……………….......................... 26 2.2.1 Capacitive Power Supply CPS-25……………………………………... 26 2.2.2 Capacitive Power Supply CPS-10……………….…….......................... 32 2.3 Components of Power Supply………..…………….………..……….………… 36 2.4 Diagnostic Methods and Measurement Equipment..…………...………………. 39 2.4.1 Initial Parameters of Experiment…….………………….……………... 39 2.4.2 Pulsed Current…..…………….…………….…………...…………….. 40 2.4.3 Voltage Drop Across Arc……....…………………...…..…………….. 41 2.4.4 Pulsed Pressure……….……………………………………………….. 42 2.4.5 Optical Registration…….……………………………………………… 44 2.4.6 X-Rays Registration…………………………………………………… 46 2.4.7 Data Registration and Processing System…………....….…………….. 48 References……………………………………………………….……………….……. 49 3.Pulsed Plasma Generators……………………………………………………………………..51 3.1 Types of Electrodischarge Chambers………………..………....……………….. 51 3.2 IEE RAS’ Pulsed Plasma Generators………………….……….………………. 57 3.2.1 Design of Plasma Generators………….……………...…….................... 57 3.3 Components of Plasma Generators’ Electrodischarge Chambers…..….………. 66 References………………………………………………………..….………………… 75 4 Parameters of the Arc..…..….....…………………………..…..……………………. 77 4.1 Resistance……..…………….….………….……..……...……………………… 77 4.2 Electric Feld Intensity in Generator PPG-3…………………………………….. 83 4.3 Current Density………………………………….………................................... 90 4.4 Inductance…………………..……..…………..……….…………………...…... 90 4.5 Temperature..……………..……………….……………….…………………..... 91 References………………………………………………………….………………...... 94 5.Erosion of Electrodes………...………………………………...…….……………..…. 96 5.1 Specific Erosion of Electrodes.………………………………………………………....96 5.2 Liquid and Vapor Erosions.…………….……………….……..……..………. 101 5.3 Erosion as Electrode Jets…..………………..….…………….……………….. 107 5.4 Erosion as Electrode Surface Layer Ejection…………….…...…….…………. 111 5.5 Erosion and Molecular Weight of Gas……..………………............................. 114 References………………………………………………………….………………... 116 6 Oscillations of Arc’ s Diameter……………….……………………......................... 118 6.1 Acoustic Oscillations……………………….…...……..……….……………... 118 6.2 Shock-Wave Compression of Arc..………….……….…..….….…………….. 122 6.3 Oscillations of Arc’s Diameter Caused by Magnetic and Gas Pressures……… 125 6.4 Oscillations of Soft X-Rays Irradiation Intensity……………………………... 126 References………………………………………………………….………………... 130 7 Processes and Heat Transfer in Electrodischarge Chamber.....………..……….. 131 7.1 Arcing in Coaxial Discharge Chamber……………….…………..................... 131 7.2 Arc Movement…………………...…….……………..……….….…………… 137 7.3 Heat Transfer from Arc to Gas………………………………….…………….. 141 7.3.1 Irradiation…………………………………………….....…………… 141 7.3.2 Thermal Conductivity…………….……………………..…………… 143 7.3.3 Turbulent Heat Transfer…………..………………….….…………… 144 7.3.4 Shock Waves………..…………………………………….................. 145 7.3.5 Shock Waves in Hydrogen….……………………….………………. 146 7.3.6 Shock Waves in Helium..……………………….…………………… 146 7.3.7 Shock Waves in Air……….………………………….……………… 150 7.3.8 Impact of Electrode Jets on Heat Transfer………..……..…………… 152 7.4 Energy in Arc and Heat Transfer Components…..………...…………………. 156 References…………………………………………………………….……………... 157 8 Modes of Arcing………………….……………………………..….………………. 159 8.1 Arc at Refractory Electrodes………...……………………...…….................... 159 8.2 Arc at Fusible Electrodes……………...…………………………..................... 163 8.3 Multipulse Mode……………….……………….……………………………... 164 8.4 Two-Arc Mode………………………..…..…………………………………… 166 8.5 Programmable Mode……………………….…………………..……………… 168 References………………………………………………..………………………….. 171 9 Arc Contraction. Modified Current of Piza-Braginskii………………………….. 172 9.1 Arc at Initial Hydrogen Pressure of 5 MPa…………………………………... 172 9.2 Discharge in Helium……………………..……............................................... 177 9.3 500 kA Arc at Tungsten Electrodes……..……………………………………. 180 9.4 1.6 MA Arc at Steel Electrodes……………………………………………….. 185 9.5 Soft X-Rays Irradiation………………………………….…….……………… 188 9.6 Heating of Hydrogen by X-Ray Irradiation….....…………………………….. 189 9.7 Arc Glow Change at Contraction…….…………...…….……........................ 191 References………………………………………………………….……….……….. 191 10 Arc at Ultrahigh Pressure….………………...………………….…………………. 194 10.1 Arc in Pre-Compressed Gas………………...………………........................... 194 10.2 Arc at Current of 220 kA………...………….……………...………………... 201 10.3 Arc at Current of 500 kA.…..………………..…………….…………….….. 207 10.4 Arc at Current of 2 МА.……………………………………...……………… 212 10.5 Critical Pisa-Braginskii Current………..……….……………..……………. 213 References………………………………………………………….………………... 220 11 Energy Features of Plasma Generator………………………..………….……….. 223 11.1 Energy Transfer Coefficients…………………………..…......……………... 223 11.2 Simulation of Plasma Generators Processes.………………….…………….. 228 References………………………………………………………….………………... 230 12 Applications of Pulsed Plasma Generators……………………………………….. 231 12.1 Application of Plasma Generators in Scientific Researches…………………. 231 12.2 Application of Plasma Generators for Toxic Substances Destruction…….… 233 References………………………………………………………….………………... 235 Index……………………………………………………...…………….….......................... 236
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