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TABLE OF CONTENTS   Preface   PART I: THEORIES AND CONCEPTS   Chapter 1: Global Patterns and Debates in the Granting of Women’s Suffrage (Ann Towns) Chapter 2: Gender and Electoral Behavior (Miki Kittilson) Chapter 3: The Political Representation of Women Over Time (Melanie M. Hughes and Pamela Paxton) Chapter 4: The Impact of Women in Parliament (Jennifer M. Piscopo and Diana Z. O’Brien) Chapter 5: New Horizons in Women’s Political Rights (Mona Lena Krook)   Part II: SUFFRAGE AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION   Latin America and the Caribbean   Chapter 6: Chile: Women’s Suffrage and Political Participation, 1935–2015 (Ricardo Gamboa and Miguel Angel López) Chapter 7: Colombia: Civil Conflict, Violence, and Women’s Political Participation (Juliana Restrepo Sanín) Chapter 8: Mexico: The Long Road to Women’s Suffrage (Gabriela Cano)   West Europe, North America, and Australasia   Chapter 9: New Zealand: A Country of Firsts in Women’s Political Rights (Jennifer Curtin) Chapter 10: Finland: Suffrage, Nation, and Political Mobilization (Irma Sulkunen) Chapter 11: Switzerland: Direct Democracy and Women’s Political Participation (Anouk Lloren) Chapter 12: Canada: Uneven Paths to Suffrage and Women’s Electoral Participation (Nancy Janovicek and Melanee Thomas)   Middle East and North Africa   Chapter 13: Afghanistan: Uphill Challenges for Women’s Political Rights (Andrea Fleschenberg) Chapter 14: Kuwait: Why Did Women’s Suffrage Take So Long? (Meriem Aissa) Chapter 15: Morocco: Ongoing Struggle for More Representation (Katja Zvan-Elliot) Chapter 16: Turkey: From Symbols to Actors in the Struggle for Political Rights (Marella Bodur Ün)   Sub-Saharan Africa   Chapter 17: Kenya: Women’s Suffrage and Political Participation as Voters (Mi Yung Yoon and Christol Okeke) Chapter 18: Nigeria: Women’s Suffrage, Change, and Continuities in Political Participation (Chiedo Nwankwor) Chapter 19: Cameroon: Early Mobilization and Limited Impact of Women’s Suffrage (Melinda Adams) Chapter 20: Zimbabwe: Women’s Mass Movement and Violence (Barbara Rudo Gaidzanwa)   East, Southeast, and South Asia   Chapter 21: China: Women’s Political Rights Advocacy (Kimberly Manning) Chapter 22: Indonesia: Local Advocacy for Suffrage (Kurniawati Hastuti Dewi) Chapter 23: Malaysia: Middle-Equality Trap (Bridget Welsh) Chapter 24: Sri Lanka: Struggle for Franchise (Malathi de Alwis and Chulani Kodikar)   Easter and Central Europe, Central Asia, and Post-Soviet Republics   Chapter 25: Czech Republic: Nationalism, Suffrage, and Political Participation (Dana Musilová) Chapter 26: Russia: The Great War and Women’s Political Rights (Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild)   PART III: ELIGIBILITY AND POLITICAL REPRESENTATION   Latin America and the Caribbean   Chapter 27: Bolivia: Parity, Empowerment, and Institutional Change (Stéphanie Rousseau) Chapter 28: Cuba: Women’s Complicated Political Participation and Representation (Lana Wylie and Sarah Shoker) Chapter 29: Uruguay: Slow Progress in Women’s Political Representation (Niki Johnson)   Western Europe, North America, and Australasia   Chapter 30: United States: Gendered Institutions, Processes, and Outcomes (Kelly Dittmar) Chapter 31: Sweden: An Incremental Process (Lenita Freidenvall) Chapter 32: France: The Republic Tested by Parity (Rejane Sénac) Chapter 33: Australia: Uneven Progress toward Equality in Women’s Political Rights (Joy McCann and Marian Sawer)   Middle East and North Africa   Chapter 34: Jordan: Quotas and Change in Women’s Political Representation (Sarah Bush) Chapter 35: Tunisia: Changing Patterns of Women’s Representation (Lindsay Benstead) Chapter 36: Israel: A Century of Political Involvement (Reut Itzkovitch Malka and Chen Friedberg) Chapter 37: Mauritius: Still a Long Journey Ahead (Ramola Ramtohul)    Sub-Saharan Africa   Chapter 38: Rwanda: Women’s Political Representation and Its Consequences (Jennie E. Burnet) Chapter 39: Uganda: Achievements and Challenges for Women in Elected Office (Aili Mari Tripp) Chapter 40: Niger: Patterns of Women’s Political Presence Since Independence (Alice Kang) Chapter 41: Ghana: Stalled Patterns of Women’s Parliamentary Representation (Gretchen Bauer)   East, Southeast, and South Asia   Chapter 42: South Korea: Women’s Political Representation (Young-Im Lee) Chapter 43: Taiwan: Asia’s Exception (Chang-Ling Huang) Chapter 44: Myanmar: Women’s Political Life (Paul Minoletti) Chapter 45: India: A Contradictory Record (Francesca Refsum Jensenius)   Eastern and Central Europe, Central Asia, and Post-Soviet Republics   Chapter 46: Poland: Regime Transformation and Women’s Political Representation (Małgorzata Fuszara) Chapter 47: Slovenia: From Socialist Legacies to Legislative Gender Quotas (Milica Antić Gaber) Chapter 48: Mongolia: Transformation of Women’s Representation (Pavel Maskarinec) Chapter 49: Armenia: Persistent Gender Stereotypes (Kristin Cavoukia and Nona Shahnazarian)