内容

目次

Preface; General Introduction; Advice on Reading; PART I. PHILOSOPHY ANDRELIGIOUS BELIEF; Introduction; 1. Faith and Reason in Harmony; 2. The Ethicsof Belief; 3. The Presumption of Atheism; 4. Religious Belief as 'ProperlyBasic'; 5. Evidence and Religious Belief; 6. Grammar and Religious Belief; 7.The Groundlessness of Religious Belief; Questions for Discussion; Advice onFurther Reading; PART II. THE PROBLEM OF GOD-TALK; Introduction; 8. HowBelievers Find God-Talk Puzzling; 9. God-Talk is Evidently Nonsense; 10.God-Talk is Not Evidently Nonsense; 11. 'Death by a Thousand Qualifications';12. One Way of Understanding God-Talk; Questions for Discussion; Advice onReading; PART III. ARGUMENTS FOR GOD'S EXISTENCE; Introduction; Advice onReading; COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS; Introduction; 13. A Concise CosmologicalArgument from the Eleventh Century; 14. A Thirteenth Century CosmologicalArgument; 15. A Fourteenth-Century Cosmological Argument; 16. ASeventeenth-Century Cosmological Argument; 17. A Modern CosmologicalArgument; 18. Objections to Cosmological Arguments; 19. More Objections toCosmological Arguments; 20. Why is a Cause Always Necessary?; 21. 'WhateverHas a Beginning of Existence Must Have a Cause'; 22. Can there be an EndlessRegress of Causes?; Questions for Discussion; Advice on Further Reading; 23.INTRODUCTION; Introduction; 29. Anselm Argues That God Cannot Be Thought NotTo Exist; 30. Gaunilo Argues that Anselm is Wrong; 31. Anselm Replies toGaunilo; 32. Descartes Defends An Ontological Argument; 33. Descartes Repliesto Critics; 34. A Classic Repudiation of Ontological Arguments; 35. AContemporary Defence of Ontological Arguments; Questions for Discussion;Advice on Reading; GOD AND HUMAN EXPERIENCE; Introduction; 36. Why 'KnowingGod by Experience' is a Notion Open to Question; 37. Can We Know God byExperience?; 38. Why Should There Not Be Experience of God?; Questions forDiscussion; Advice on Reading; PART IV. WHAT IS GOD?; Introduction; Advice onFurther Reading; OMNIPOTENT; Introduction; 39. A Modern Discussion of DivineOmnipotence; 40. Why Think of God as Omnipotent?; 41. Miracles and Laws ofNature; 42. Why We Should Disbelieve in Miracles; Questions for Discussion;Advice on Reading; KNOWING; Introduction; 43. Why Ascribe Knowledge to God?;44. Omniscience and Human Freedom: a Classic Discussion; 45. Problems for theNotion of Divine Omniscience; Questions for Discussion; Advice on FurtherReading; ETERNAL; Introduction; 46. Why Call God 'Eternal'?; 47. God is'Everlasting', not 'Eternal'; 48. A Modern Defence of Divine Eternity;Questions for Discussion; Advice on Reading; SIMPLE; Introduction; 50. AClassic Defence of Divine Simplicity; 51. Problems with Divine Simplicity;52. A Modern Defence of Divine Simplicity; Questions for Discussion; Adviceon Further Reading; PART V. THE PROBLEM OF EVIL; Introduction; 53. Evil Showsthat there is no God; 54. What is Evil?; 55. Evil Does Not Show That There IsNo God; 56. God, Evil, and Divine Responsibility; 57. God and Human Freedom;Questions for Discussion; Advice on Reading; PART VI. MORALITY AND RELIGION;Introduction; 58. God as a 'Postulate' of Sound Moral Thinking; 59. WhyMorality Implies the Existence of God; 60. Moral Thinking as Awareness ofGod; 61. Morality does not Imply the Existence of God; Questions forDiscussion; Advice on Further Reading; PART VII. PEOPLE AND LIFE AFTER DEATH;Introduction; 62. Philosophy and Life After Death: The Questions and theOptions; 63. Life After Death: An Ancient Greek View; 64. Belief in LifeAfter Death Comes from Emotion, not Reason; 65. What Must be True of Me If ISurvive My Death?; Questions for Discussion; Advice on Further Reading; Index