内容

目次

Part 1 Syntactic processing: introduction; linguistic background - anoutline of English - words, elements of simple noun phrases, verbphrases and simple sentences, noun phrases revisited, adjectivephrases, adverbial phrases; basic parsing techniques - grammars andsentence structures, what makes a good grammar, parsing as search, abottom-up chart parser, top-down chart parsing and mixed-mode methods,transition network grammars, grammars and logic programming; featuresand augmented grammars - feature systems, some basic feature systems ofEnglish, morphological analysis and the lexicon, a simple grammar usingfeatures, generalized feature systems - unification, augmentedtransition networks, augmenting logic grammars; grammars for naturallanguage - handling movement - auxilliary verbs and verb phrases,movement phenomena in language, handling questions in context-freegrammars, noun phrases and relative clauses, the hold mechanism inATNs, handling movement in logic grammars - gap threading, a comparisonof the methods using constraints; towards efficient parsing - humanpreferences in parsing, encoding uncertainty - shift-reduce parsers, adeterministic parser, techniques for efficient encoding of ambiguity,partial parsing; ambiguity resolution - statistical methods - basicprobability theory, estimating probabilities, part-of-speech tagging,obtaining lexical probabilities, probabilistic context-free grammars,best-first parsing and context-dependent proabilities, lexicalpreferences - PP attachment. Part 2 Semantics: semantics, context andlogical form - semantics and logical form, word sense and ambiguity,defining semantic structure - model theory, semantic relations betweensentences, modal operators and possible worlds semantics, encodingambiguity in logical form, verbs and states in logical form, caserelations, the uses of sentences; semantic interpretation - semanticinterpretation and compositionality, interpreting modifiers andoperators, interpreting verbs and prepositional phrases, hierarchicallexicons, questions, relative clauses, other selected issues, semanticinterpretation using unification; ambiguity resolution and robustprocessing; advanced issues in semantic interpretation. Part 3 Contextand using world knowledge: context and general world knowledge; usinglocal context; global discourse structure; speech acts and therecognition on intentions. Part 4 Other topics: natural languagegeneration; speech recognition and spoken language understanding.