内容

目次

Environmental Soil Chemistry: An Overview: Evolution of SoilChemistry. The Modern Environmental Movement. Contaminants in Waters andSoils. Case Study of Pollution of Soils and Waters. Soil Decontamination.Inorganic Soil Components: Pauling's Rules. Primary Soil Minerals.Secondary Soil Minerals. Specific Surface of Soil Minerals. SurfaceCharge of Soil Minerals. Identification of Minerals by X-Ray DiffractionAnalyses. Use of Clay Minerals to Retain Organic Contaminants. Chemistryof Soil Organic Matter: Effects of Soil Formation Factors on SOM Contents.Composition of SOM. Fractionation of SOM. SOM Structure. FunctionalGroups and Charge Characteristics. Humic Substance-Metal Interactions.SOM-Clay Complexes. Retention of Pesticides and Other Organic Substancesby Humic Substances. Soil Solution-Solid Phase Equilibria: Measurement ofthe Soil Solution. Speciation of the Soil Solution. Ion Activity andActivity Coefficients. Dissolution and Solubility Processes. SorptionPhenomena on Soils: Introduction and Terminology. Surface FunctionalGroups. Surface Complexes. Adsorption Isotherms. Equilibrium-BasedAdsorption Models. Surface Precipitation. Sorption of Metal Cations.Sorption of Anions. Points of Zero Charge. Desorption. Use ofSpectroscopic and Microscopic Methods in Determining Mechanisms forSorption-Desorption Phenomena. Ion Exchange Processes: Characteristics ofIon Exchange. Cation Exchange Equilibrium Constants and SelectivityCoefficients. Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange. Relationship betweenThermodynamics and Kinetics of Ion Exchange. Kinetics of Soil ChemicalProcesses: Rate-Limiting Steps and Time Scales of Soil Chemical Reactions.Rate Laws. Determination of Reaction Order and Rate Constants. KineticModels. Kinetic Methodologies. Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates.Kinetics of Important Soil Chemical Processes. Redox Chemistry of Soils:Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Potentials. Eh vs pH and pe vs pHDiagrams. Measurement and Use of Redox Potentials. Submerged Soils. RedoxReactions Involving Inorganic and Organic Pollutants. The Chemistry of SoilAcidity: Historical Perspective of Soil Activity. Solution Chemistry ofAluminum. Exchangeable and Nonexchangeable Aluminum. Soil Acidity.Liming Soils. The Chemistry of Saline and Sodic Soils: Causes of SoilSalinity. Sources of Soluble Salts. Important Salinity and SodicityParameters. Classification and Reclamation of Saline and Sodic Soils.Effects of Soil Salinity and Sodicity on Soil Structural Properties.Effects of Soil Salinity on Plant Growth. Appendix A. Appendix B.Bibliography. Chapter References. Subject Index.