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Introduction - can learning and knowledge creation in organizationsreally be managed?. Part 1 The Foundations of Mainstream Views on Learningand Knowledge Creation in Organizations: Systems Thinking; MainstreamThinking about Learning and Knowledge Creation in Organizations; Transmittingknowledge between individuals, diffusing it across an organization andstoring it in explicit forms; Constructing knowledge and making sense incommunities of practice; Different levels of Learning and Knowledge Creationin Organizations - the individual and the social; The individual and thesocial as separate mutually influencing levels; Moving away from the splitbetween individual and social. Part 2 Towards a Complexity Perspective: TheEmergence of Knowledge in Complex Responsive Processes of Relating; TheEmergence of the Individual and the Social in Communicative Interaction;Complex adaptive systems as a source domain for analogies of human acting andknowing; The evolution of the mind, self and society; Back to the complexitysciences for analogies; Communicative Action in the Medium of Symbols; Theimportance of feelings - protosymbols; The importance of reflection-in-action- significant symbols, The multiple aspects of symbols; Organization ofCommunicative Action - rule-based or self-organizing knowledge?; Global rulesand the structuring of communication; Narrative forms of communication; Localrules and the structuring of communication; Communicative action aspatterning process; Themes organizing the experience of being together; TheEmergence of Enabling Constraints; power relations and unconscious processes;Turn taking, power and ideology; The dynamics of inclusion-exclusion andanxiety, Fantasy and unconscious processes; Organization as Communication inthe Living Present - how knowledge emerges in complex responsive processesof relating; Identity and difference - boundaries around a system or movementof process?; Complex responsive processes of relating in the living present.Part 3 Systems Thinking and the Perspective of Complex Responsive Processes:Comparisons and implications; Comparing Systems - thinking and thePerspective of Complex Responsive Processes; From sender-receiver toresponsive relating From storing to perpetually constructing memory; Fromthe individual-social split to individuals in social relationship; From theindividual tacit/unconscious to unconscious processes of relating; Fromsystems of language to the action of language; Institutions, communicationand power; Dialogue and ordinary conversation in the living present; TheOrganizational Implications of Complex Responsive Processes of KnowledgeCreation,; The limitations of mainstream prescriptions on knowledgemanagement- Focusing attention on participative self organization.