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Contents Preface How to Use This Book: The "Four Box" Approach Section 1. Practical Approach to Benign Exophytic Airway Obstruction 1. Rigid Bronchoscopy With Laser Resection for Tracheal Obstruction From Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis 2. Endoscopic therapy of endobronchial typical carcinoid 3. Bronchoscopic treatment of silicone stent-related granulation tissue 4. Bronchoscopic Removal of a Broncholith From the Lateral Wall of the Proximal Bronchus Intermedius 5. Treatment of tracheobronchial aspergillosis superimposed on post tuberculosis-related tracheal stricture Section 2. Practical Approach to Benign Tracheal Stenosis 6. Bronchoscopic Treatment of Idiopathic Laryngotracheal Stenosis With Glottis Involvement 7. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis without glottis involvement 8. Post Intubation Tracheal Stenosis 9. Bronchoscopic Treatment of Post Tracheostomy Tracheal Stenosis With Chondritis 10. Bronchoscopic Treatment of Wegener's Granulomatosis-Related Subglottic Stenosis Section 3. Practical Approach to Expiratory Central Airway Collapse 11. Silicone Stent Insertion for Focal Crescent Type Tracheomalacia in a Patient With sarcoidosis 12. Stent insertion for diffuse circumferential tracheobronchomalacia caused by relapsing polychondritis 13. CPAP treatment for moderate diffuse excessive dynamic airway collapse caused by Mounier-Kuhn syndrome 14. Stent insertion for severe diffuse excessive dynamic airway collapse caused by COPD Section 4. Practical Approach to Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy (EBUS and alternatives) 15. EBUS-TBNA for Right Upper Lobe Mass and Right Lower Paratracheal Lymphadenopathy 16: EBUS-TBNA of right lower paratracheal lymph node (station 4R) 17: EBUS-TBNA of a left lower paratracheal node (level 4L) in a patient with a left upper lobe lung mass and suspected lung cancer 18. EBUS-TBNA for Subcentimeter PET Negative Subcarinal LAD (Station 7) and a Right Lower Lobe Pulmonary Nodule 19. EBUS-Guided TBNA for isolated subcarinal lymphadenopathy (station 7). Section 5. Practical Approach to Malignant Central Airway Obstruction 20. Stent insertion for extrinsic tracheal obstruction caused by thyroid carcinoma 21. Rigid bronchoscopy tumor debulking and silicone stent insertion for mixed malignant tracheal obstruction caused by esophageal carcinoma 22. Rigid bronchoscopy with laser and stent placement for bronchus intermedius obstruction from lung cancer involving the right main pulmonary artery 23: Photodynamic therapy for palliation of infiltrative endoluminal obstruction at left secondary carina and left lower lobe bronchus 24. Rigid Bronchoscopy With Y Stent Insertion at Left Secondary Carina Section 6. Practical Approach to Other Central Airway Disease Processes 25: Rigid bronchoscopy for removal of a foreign body lodged in the right lower lobe bronchus 26. Treatment of critical left main bronchial obstruction and acute respiratory failure in the setting of right pneumonectomy 27. Stent insertion for tracheo-broncho-esophageal fistula at the level of lower trachea and left mainstem bronchus 28. Rigid bronchoscopic intervention for central airway obstruction and concurrent superior vena cava syndrome caused by small cell carcinoma 29. Bronchoscopic treatment of a large right mainstem bronchial stump fistula 30. Hemoptysis caused by distal left main bronchial tumor in a patient with primary lung adenocarcinoma Section 7. Case-Based Self-Assessment Questions Index