内容

目次

Part I Basic Tools in Routine Evaluation of Cardiac PatientsChapter 1* History Taking * Gestational and Natal History * Postnatal History * Family HistoryChapter 2* Physical Examination * Growth Pattern * Inspection * Palpation * Blood Pressure Measurement * Auscultation * Some Special Features of the Cardiac Examination of NeonatesChapter 3* Electrocardiography * What Is the Vectorial Approach? * Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Electrocardiograms * Basic Measurements and Their Normal and Abnormal Values Necessary for Routine Interpretation of an Electrocardiogram * Ventricular Hypertrophy * Ventricular Conduction Disturbances * ST-Segment and T-Wave ChangesChapter 4* Chest Roentgenography * Heart Size and Silhouette * Evaluation of Cardiac Chambers and Great Arteries * Pulmonary Vascular Markings * Systematic ApproachChapter 5* Flow DiagramsPart II Special Tools in Evaluation of Cardiac PatientsChapter 6* Noninvasive Techniques * Echocardiography * Stress Testing * Long-Term ECG Recording * Ambulatory Blood Pressure MonitoringChapter 7* Invasive Procedures * Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography* Catheter Intervention ProceduresPart III PathophysiologyChapter 8* Fetal and Perinatal Circulation * Fetal Circulation * Changes in Circulation after Birth * Premature NewbornsChapter 9* Pathophysiology of Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions * Atrial Septal Defect * Ventricular Septal Defect * Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Endocardial Cushion DefectChapter 10* Pathophysiology of Obstructive and Valvular Regurgitation Lesions * Obstruction to Ventricular Output * Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves * Valvular Regurgitant LesionsChapter 11* Pathophysiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects * Clinical Cyanosis * Common Cyanotic Heart DefectsPart IV Specific Congenital Heart DefectsChapter 12* Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions * Atrial Septal Defect * Ventricular Septal Defect * Management * Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates * Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect * Partial Endocardial Cushion Defect * Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous ReturnChapter 13* Obstructive Lesions * Pulmonary Stenosis * Aortic Stenosis * Coarctation of the Aorta * Interrupted Aortic ArchChapter 14* Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects * Approach to a Cyanotic Neonate * Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries * Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries * Tetralogy of Fallot * Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect) * Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve * Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return * Tricuspid Atresia * Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum * Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome * Ebstein's Anomaly * Persistent Truncus Arteriosus * Single Ventricle * Double-Outlet Right Ventricle * Heterotaxia (Atrial Isomerism, Splenic Syndromes) * Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the NewbornChapter 15* Vascular Ring * Prevalence * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations * Diagnosis * ManagementChapter 16* Chamber Localization and Cardiac Malposition * Chamber Localization * Dextrocardia and MesocardiaChapter 17* Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Conditions * Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva * Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, ALCAPA Syndrome) * Aortopulmonary Septal Defect * Arteriovenous Fistula, Coronary * Arteriovenous Fistula, Pulmonary * Arteriovenous Fistula, Systemic * Atrial Septal Aneurysm * Cervical Aortic Arch * Common Atrium * Cor Triatriatum * DiGeorge Syndrome * Double-Chambered Right Ventricle * Ectopia Cordis * Hemitruncus Arteriosus * Idiopathic Dilation of the Pulmonary Artery * Kartagener Syndrome * Parachute Mitral Valve * Patent Foramen Ovale * Pericardial Defect, Congenital * Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta * Pulmonary Artery Stenosis * Scimitar Syndrome * Systemic Venous AnomaliesPart V Acquired Heart DiseaseChapter 18* Primary Myocardial Disease * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy * Infants of Diabetic Mothers * Transient Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Neonates * Dilated or Congestive Cardiomyopathy * Endocardial Fibroelastosis * Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy * Carnitine Deficiency * Restrictive Cardiomyopathy * Right Ventricular Dysplasia * Noncompaction CardiomyopathyChapter 19* Cardiovascular Infections * Infective Endocarditis * Myocarditis * Pericarditis * Constrictive Pericarditis * Kawasaki Disease * Lyme Carditis * Postpericardiotomy Syndrome * Postperfusion Syndrome * Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionChapter 20* Acute Rheumatic Fever * Prevalence * Cause * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis * Differential Diagnosis * Clinical Course * Management * Prognosis * PreventionChapter 21* Valvular Heart Disease * Mitral Stenosis * Mitral Regurgitation * Aortic Regurgitation * Clinical Manifestations * Mitral Valve ProlapseChapter 22* Cardiac Tumors * Prevalence * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations * ManagementChapter 23* Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Diseases * Mucopolysaccharidoses * Systemic Lupus Erythematosus * Rheumatoid Arthritis * Friedreich's Ataxia * Muscular Dystrophy * Myotonic Dystrophy * Marfan Syndrome * Acute Glomerulonephritis * Hyperthyroidism: Congenital and Acquired * Hypothyroidism: Congenital and Acquired * Sickle Cell AnemiaPart VI Arrhythmias and Atrioventricular Conduction DisturbancesChapter 24* Cardiac Arrhythmias * Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node * Rhythms Originating in the Atrium * Rhythms Originating in the Atrioventricular Node * Rhythms Originating in the Ventricle * Long QT Syndrome * Short QT Syndrome * Brugada SyndromeChapter 25* Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction * First-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Atrioventricular DisassociationChapter 26* Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children * ECGs of Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers * Pacemaker Therapy in Children * Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator TherapyPart VII Special ProblemsChapter 27* Congestive Heart Failure * Definition * Cause * Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure * Diagnosis * ManagementChapter 28* Systemic Hypertension * Definition * Normative Blood Pressure Standards * Cause * Diagnosis and Workup * Management * Hypertensive CrisisChapter 29* Pulmonary Hypertension * Definition * Cause * Physiology * Pathogenesis * Pathology * Pathophysiology * Clinical Manifestations * Natural History * Diagnosis * Management * Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia * Diaphragmatic HerniaChapter 30* Child with Chest Pain * Cause and Prevalence * Clinical Manifestations * Diagnostic Approach * ManagementChapter 31* Syncope * Prevalence * Definition * Causes * Evaluation of a Child with Syncope * Treatment * Differential DiagnosisChapter 32* Palpitation * Definition and Description * Causes * Evaluation * ManagementChapter 33* Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors * Childhood Onset of Coronary Artery Disease * Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome * Dyslipidemia * Other Risk Factors * Practice of Preventive CardiologyChapter 34* Athletes with Cardiac Problems * Sudden Unexpected Death in Young Athletes * Preparticipation Screening * Classification of Sports * Eligibility Determination for Athletes with Cardiovascular Diseases * Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sports * Athletes with Systemic HypertensionChapter 35* Cardiac Transplantation * Indications * Selection of the Recipient * Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Donor * Informed Consent from the Family and Recipient * Operative Technique * Early Postoperative Management * Late Post-Transplantation Follow-up * PrognosisAppendicesAppendix A MiscellaneousAppendix B Blood Pressure ValuesAppendix C Cardiovascular Risk FactorsAppendix D Normal Echocardiographic Values and ImagesAppendix E Drugs Used in Pediatric CardiologySuggested ReadingsIndex