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VOLUME I PART 1: PRINCIPLES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND HORMONE SIGNALING 1 Principles of Endocrinology 2 Control of Hormone Gene Expression 3 Control of Hormone Secretion 4 Applications of Genetics in Endocrinology PART 2: NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY AND PITUITARY DISEASE 5 Development of The Pituitary 6 Prolactin 7 Disorders of Prolactin Secretion and Prolactinomas 8 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 9 Endocrine Rhythms, The Sleep-Wake Cycle, and Biological Clocks 10 Hypothalamic Syndromes 11 Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency 12 Acromegaly 13 Cushing's Syndrome 14 Clinically Nonfunctioning Sellar Masses 15 Tsh-Producing Adenomas 16 Pituitary Surgery 17 Childhood Hypothalamic and Pituitary Tumors 18 Vasopressin, Diabetes Insipidus, and The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis 19 The Pineal Gland and Melatonin PART 3: GROWTH AND MATURATION 20 Growth Hormone: Structure, Function and Regulation of Secretion 21 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and its Binding Proteins 22 Somatic Growth and Maturation 23 Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children 24 Performance Enhancing Hormones in Sports Doping PART 4: OBESITY, ANOREXIA, AND NUTRITION 25 Appetite Regulation and Thermogenesis 26 Obesity: The Problem and its Management 27 Bariatirc Surgery 28 Genetic Syndromes Associated With Obesity 29 Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Other Eating Disorders PART 5: DIABETES MELLITUS 30 Development of the Endocrine Pancreas 31 biosynthesis, Processing, and Secretion of the Islet Hormones: Insulin, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (Amylin), Glucagon, Somatostatin, and Pancreatic Polypeptide 32 Insulin Secretion 33 The Mechanisms of Insulin Action 34 Glucagon and the Glucagon-Like Peptides 35 Regulation of Intermediatory Metabolism During Fasting and Feeding 36 Role of the Adipocyte in Metabolism and Endocrine Function 37 Lipodystrophy Syndromes 38 Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus 39 Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Prediction, and Prevention 40 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Natural History 41 Lipoprotein Metabolism and the Treatment of Lipid Disorders 42 Hyperglycemia Secondary to Nondiabetic Conditions and Therapies 43 Metabolic Syndrome 44 Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults 45 Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy 46 Hyperglycemic Crises: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 47 Hypoglycemia and Hypoglycemic Syndromes 48 Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 49 Management of Diabetes in Children 50 Beta Cell Replacement and Regeneration 51 Diabetes and Long-Term Complications 52 Diabetic Eye Disease 53 Diabetic Mellitus: Neuropathy 54 Diabetic Nephropathy 55 Diabetic Foot and Vascular Complications PART 6: PARATHYROID GLAND, CALCIOTROPIC HORMONES, AND BONE METABOLISM 56 Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Type 1 in the Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism 57 Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein 58 Calcitonin 59 Vitamin D: from Photosynthesis, Metabolism, and Action To Clinical Applications 60 Bone Development and Remodeling 61 Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis and Genetic Disorders that Affect Calcium Metabolism 62 Genetic Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 63 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 64 Hypercalcemia of Malignancy 65 Surgical Management of Hyperparathyroidism 66 Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy, and Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia: Disorders Caused by Inactivating GNAS Mutations 67 Genetic Defects in Vitamin D Metabolism and Action 68 Hereditary Disorders of the Skeleton 69 Osteoporosis 70 Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder 71 Disorders of Mineralization 72 Paget's Disease of Bone VOLUME II PART 7: THYROID 73 Anatomy and Development of the Thyroid 74 Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: Physiology and Secretion 75 Thyroid Regulatory Factors 76 Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Transport 77 Thyroid Hormone Action 78 Thyroid Function Testing 79 Thyroid Imaging 80 Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration and Cytological Diagnosis 81 Autoimmune Thyroid Disease 82 Graves' Disease 83 Graves' Ophthalmopathy 84 Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy 85 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis 86 Chronic (Hashimoto's) Thyroiditis 87 Subacute and Riedel's Thyroiditis 88 Hypothyroidism and Myxedema Coma 89 Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome: A Form of Hypothyroidism 90 Multinodular Goiter 91 Iodine Deficiency Disorders 92 Thyroid Neoplasia 93 Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Mutations 94 Genetic Defects in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Action 95 Resistance to Thyroid Hormone 96 Surgery of the Thyroid PART 8: ADRENAL 97 The Principles, Enzymes, and Pathways of Human Steroidogenesis 98 Glucocorticoid Receptors, Their Mechanisms of Action, and Glucocorticoid Resistance 99 Glucocorticoid Action: Physiology 100 Glucocorticoid Therapy 101 Aldosterone Secretion and Action 102 Adrenal Insufficiency 103 Adrenal Causes of Cushing's Syndrome 104 Defects of Adrenal Steroidogenesis 105 Adrenarche and Adrenopause 106 Adrenal Gland Imaging 107 Adrenocortical Carcinoma 108 Primary Mineralocorticoid Excess Disorders and Hypertension 109 Mineralocorticoid Deficiency 110 Pheochromocytoma 111 Adrenal Surgery PART 9: CARDIOVASCULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY 112 Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia 113 Orthostatic Hypotension and Orthostatic Intolerance PART 10: ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS 114 Endocrine Aspects of Critical Care Medicine PART 11: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND SEXUAL FUNCTION 115 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones 116 Gonadotropins: Regulation of Synthesis and Secretion 117 Gonadal Peptides: Inhibins, Activins, Follistatin, and Mullerian-Inhibiting Substance (Antimullerian Hormone) 118 Genetic Basis of Gonadal and Genital Development 119 Diagnosis and Treatment of Disorders of Sexual Development 120 Endocrinology of Sexual Maturation and Puberty 121 Precocious Puberty 122 Delayed Puberty 123 Sexual Dysfunction 124 The Endocrinology of Sexual Behavior and Gender Identity PART 12: FEMALE REPRODUCTION 125 Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Luteogenesis 126 Ovarian Hormone Synthesis 127 Estrogen and Progesterone Action 128 Hormonal Control of Breast Development 129 The Menstrual Cycle and Disorders of Ovulation 130 Endometriosis 131 Uterine Fibroids 132 Female Infertility: Evaluation and Management 133 Hyperandrogenism, Hirsutism, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 134 Contraception 135 Menopause PART 13: MALE REPRODUCTION 136 Spermatogenesis 137 Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome, Cryptorchidism, Hypospadias, and Testicular Tumors 138 Androgen Physiology, Pharmacology, and Abuse 139 Androgen Deficiency Disorders 140 Gynecomastia 141 Clinical Management of Male Infertility 142 Male Contraception 143 Endocrinology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer PART 14: ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PREGNANCY 144 The Endocrinology of Human Pregnancy and Parturition 145 Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology 146 Hormonal Changes and Endocrine Testing in Pregnancy PART 15: MULTISYSTEM ENDOCRINE DISORDERS 147 Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders 148 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 149 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 150 Neuroendocrine Tumor Syndromes 151 Carcinoid Syndrome 152 Ectopic Hormone Syndromes 153 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Human Disease PART 16: ENDOCRINE TESTING 154 Endocrine Testing