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Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements (Will be submitted later) Chapter One An Overview of the Mental Health-Criminal Justice Nexus Introduction Identifying the Population of Interest Mental Health: An Introduction to Disorders, Prevalence, and Common Terminology Defining Mental Illness Mental Health Diagnoses Serious Mental Illness Prevalence of Mental Illness Practitioner’s Corner 1.1: When Mental Health and Criminal Justice Meet, Part One: Treating Offenders who are also Victims; Contributor: Charlene Lane, PhD, LCSW-R Intersections of Criminal Justice and Mental Health: Forensic/Justice-Involved PwMI PwMI Incarcerated Mental health and co-occurring substance abuse. Justice-Involved PwMI in the Community Juveniles and Behavioral Health Issues Service Utilization/Treatment Engagement General Population Data Correctional Data Competing Interests? Challenges in Managing Justice-Involved PwMI Practitioner’s Corner 1.2: Where Mental Health and Criminal Justice Meets, Part Two: What a Criminal Justice Practitioner Needs to Know about Mental Health; Contributor: Leah Vail, MA, Forensic Program Director Take Home Message Chapter Two Historical Responses to Mental Illness Introduction Societal Responses to Mental Illness: Thematic Eras Demons, Spirits, and Possession (5000 to 400 BCE) Early Medical Model (400 BCE to Middle Ages) The Middle Ages: Dungeons and a Return to Demonology Period of Enlightenment (Late 1600s to 1840) Conditions and treatment methods at the asylum. A shifting philosophy. Inferior genetics. Advocacy movment. An Era of Psychoanalysis (Late 1800s to mid-1900s) The Dawn of a New "Error": Drug Therapy and Deinstitutionalization (1940’s to mid-1980s) The advent of drugs and community-based care. Anti-psychiatry and skepticism. The Present Condition: Criminalization of Mental Illness (Mid-1980s to?) Take Home Message 　 Chapter Three The Sequential Intercept Model Introduction Why Diversion? Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System: An Integrative Framework More about Systems Mapping: A Collaborative Framework Key Diversion Points Intercept one: Law enforcement/emergency services (pre-booking). Intercept two. Initial hearings and detention (post-arrest). Intercept three. Jails and courts (post-conviction). Intercept IV. Reentry. Intercept V. Community corrections and community support services Research on the SIM Practitioner’s Corner: How SIM differs from traditional treatment models Contributors: Cori Seilhamer, MS, NCC & Justin Lensbower, MS, LPC Take Home Message 　 Chapter Four Foundations of Mental Health and Substance Abuse By Ford Brooks, Ed.D, LPC, NCC, CADC Introduction Comprehensive Assessment Essential Assessment Components Medical. Psychiatric. Substance use history. Mental Health Disorders Key Symptoms of Mania Key Symptoms of Bi-Polar Disorder Key Symptoms of Major Depression Key Symptoms of Psychotic Disorders (Schizophrenia, Delusional Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder, psychotic disorder related to a general medication condition, and substance induced psychosis) Delusions. Hallucinations. Disorganized speech. Key Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Serious and Persistent Mental Illness (SPMI) Substance Use Disorders Presenting Symptoms for Law Enforcement to Observe DSM-5? Criteria for Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder Severity and specifiers Co-Occurring Disorders Assessment of Co-Occurring Disorders Working with Juveniles Practitioner’s Corner: Diagnosing mental health disorders in criminal justice settings: challenges and critical issues with juveniles Contributor: Ms. Sarah Zucca, MA, LPC, CDAC Medication Management Case Examples Correctional Issues: Initial Period of Detention Community Corrections: Probation Local and Regional Police Sidebar: My Experience Take Home Message Chapter Five Intercept One: Police-Citizen Encounters Introduction Police as First Responders Specialized Police Responses to Crisis Events Crisis Intervention Teams (CITs) Empirical evidence. Practitioner’s Corner 5.1: Interactions between the Police and Persons with Mental Illness Contributor: James (Jim) Ruiz, Ph.D Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) Subsequent adaptation and adoption: Australia and beyond. Empirical evidence. Co-Responder Teams Mobile Crisis Outreach Teams or Units. Police-Clinician Follow-Up Police Discretion during a Crisis Encounter Practitioner’s Corner 5.2: The Dangerousness Standard Contributor: James (Jim) Ruiz, Ph.D Commitment Statutes and the Role of Police Additional Complexities of LEO-Citizen Encounters: Responding to Special Populations Veterans Juveniles School-related concerns. Solutions. The Mental Health and Well-Being of Police Police Stress Police Suicide Take Home Message 　 Chapter Six Intercept Two: Pretrial Issues, Adjudication, and Sentencing/Jail Meghan Kozlowski & Michele P. Bratina Introduction Post-Booking Diversion: An Overview Diversion Strategies Determining Diversion Program Effectiveness Processing and Disposition I. Screening and Assessment Suicide screening and assessment. Assessment/ screening timeliness and frequency. Behavioral observation. Examination of history. Interaction and communication. Employee training. Attention to individual clinical needs. Discharge determination. Minimization of barriers to treatment. II. Systems Collaboration Assertive Community Treatment (ACT). Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT). Key staff meetings. Program leadership. Boundary spanners Take Home Message 　 Chapter Seven Intercept Three: Secure Confinement and Court Introduction Part I: Beyond Initial detention-PwMI Incarcerated General Adjustment Issues Victimization. Disciplinary issues and segregation. Solitary confinement and use of force. Use of force. Solitary confinement. Self-harm. Suicide. Summary of Part One Part II: Diversion Strategies at Intercept Three Jail-Based Treatment Peer-based services. Forensic Services Case management. Forensic hospitals. Conditional Release Therapeutic Jurisprudence (Courts and Court Services) Drug treatment court (DTC). Mental health treatment court (MHC). Veterans treatment court (VTC). Matters of the Law: Competency and Insanity Competency to stand trial. Insanity as a defense. Challenges. Practitioner’s Corner Determinations of Competency to Stand Trial in Juvenile Court as Contrasted with Adult Court Contributor: Taylor P. Andrews, Esquire Take Home Message Chapter Eight Intercept Four: Re-Entry to the Community from Secure Detention Introduction Section One: Reentry for PwM Factors Related to Recidivism Criminogenic risk factors. Risk environments. Models of Reentry Risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model. System integration/reentry services approaches. APIC model. Practitioner’s Corner APIC Model in Action: The Case of Michael Contributor: Brian D. Stubbs, Certified Peer Specialist (CPS) Section Two: Professional Service Providers Section Three: Best Practices in Reentry Programming for PWSMI Examples of Re-entry Initiatives Identified need: Employment. Supported/Supportive employment. Identified need: Housing. Supported or supportive housing. Identified need: disability benefits. SSI/SSDI, Outreach, Access, and Recovery (SOAR). Identified need: Case management and transition planning teams/ACT and FACT. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT). Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT). Critical Time Intervention (CTI). Barriers to Reintegration Efforts Take Home Message 　 Chapter Nine Intercept Five: Community-Based Corrections & Support Services Introduction Mental Health and Community Corrections The Case for Recidivism Mental illness and substance abuse. Additional Barriers to Success Summary of Post-Commitment Needs Agency Collaboration and Systems Integration Specialized Probation Resistance to Treatment Effectiveness of Community Treatment Orders Assisted outpatient treatment. Take Home Message 　 Chapter 10 Conclusions and Suggestions for Change Introduction Review of the Issues and Suggestions for Change Issues Presented The Importance of Systems Integration Needs Assessment Information-Sharing of Identified Service Needs Recommended Services and Supports Policy Matters/Recommendations Contemporary Issues in Forensic Mental Health: The Role of Trauma What is Trauma? Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Trauma-Informed Care Practitioner’s Corner Cross-System Collaboration in Practice: Juvenile Emotional Behavioral Disorders Contributor: Kelly M. Carrero, Ph.D Take Home Message