【矯正的社会復帰と治療コミュニティ:行動変化を通した再犯率の低下】
Correctional Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Communities (Routledge Innovations in Corrections)
Pealer, Jennifer 著
目次
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: The "Just Say No" War on Drugs Campaign, Juvenile Drug Use and The Juvenile Crime Problem This chapter reviews the prevalence of substance abuse among juvenile offenders and problems that these arrests cause the juvenile justice system. In response to the link between substance abuse and criminal behavior, states have received monies to implement residential substance abuse treatment programs many of which implemented therapeutic communities. The development of the RSAT program will be discussed as well as the criticisms of drug treatment for offenders. The chapter ends by discussing the research questions that will be addressed. Development of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Criticisms of Drug Treatment Programs Overcoming the Criticisms of Previous Research Research Questions Conclusion Chapter 2: Combatting Juvenile Crime and Drug Use This chapter examines the history of the juvenile justice system, how it developed to treat juveniles, the attack of the juvenile justice system and rehabilitation in general. The history of therapeutic communities in corrections and how therapeutic communities have evolved from traditional to modified communities that are found in many correctional programs today and the differences between American and British therapeutic communities will be explored. In addition, the chapter will examine the effectiveness of drug treatment especially therapeutic communities and the methodological problems that plague many studies. Finally, the chapter will explore the principles of effective interventions and how they relate to residential substance abuse treatment. The Development of the Juvenile Justice System Criticisms of the Juvenile Justice System Attacking Rehabilitation and the Juvenile Justice System Social Context, Rehabilitation, and Treating Juvenile Offenders Liberal Ideology Conservative Ideology Juvenile Justice: From Treatment to Punishment Evidence Based Practice to Reduce Recidivism Therapeutic Communities as a Treatment Modality for Offenders History of Therapeutic Communities Developments in the United Kingdom Development in the United States Differences between American and European Therapeutic Communities Characteristics of Therapeutic Communities View of Substance Abuse and the Individual Treatment Modality of the Therapeutic Community Structure of the Therapeutic Community The Use of Work in the Therapeutic Community The Use of Behavioral Reinforcements in the Therapeutic Community The Types of Meetings and Groups in a Therapeutic Community Examining Therapeutic Communities Through the Lens of the Principles of Effective Interventions Intensive and Behavioral Services Targeting Criminogenic Needs of High-Risk Offenders Reinforcement of Contingencies Staff Characteristics Relapse Prevention Strategies Effectiveness of Therapeutic Communities Reducing Recidivism Treatment Versus Non-Treatment Follow-Up Time Period Completers Versus Non-Completers Transitional Therapeutic Communities Meta-Analysis and Reviews of the Literature Predictors of Recidivism Demographic Characteristics Severity or Risk Level Psychological Factors Participation/Completion of Treatment Predictors of Successful Completion of Treatment Summary of Effectiveness Methodological Problems of Past Research Conclusion Chapter 3: A Quasi-Experimental Research Design to Determine Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Community for Juvenile Offenders This chapter will describe the quasi-experimental design that was used to determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic community for juvenile offenders. The treatment and comparison group will be described as well as how the comparison group was matched to the treatment group based on an important predictor of recidivism-risk level. The sampling technique and procedures for collecting will be discussed. In addition, the measures used to determine the effectiveness of the therapeutic community will be explained along with the statistical tests that were conducted. Lastly, limitations of the study will be discussed. Research Questions Research Design Procedures for Collecting Data Treatment Group Mohican Youth Center Sample Size, Time Period, and Selection of Youth Type of Treatment Job Assignments Within Mohican Youth Center Behavior Management Within Mohican Youth Center Groups Held at Mohican Phases of Treatment A Quantitative Assessment of the Principles of Effective Intervention Comparison Group Description of the Measures Individual Characteristics Examined Juvenile Demographics Criminal History Substance Abuse History Risk Level Psychological and Social Functioning Cognitive Distortions Termination Data Outcome Variables Examined Intermediate Outcomes Long-term Outcomes Statistical Tests Limitations of the Study Conclusion Chapter 4: Did Participation in the Therapeutic Community Effect Outcomes? This chapter will present the results of the study. Specifically, the background characteristics of the sample will be presented. The youth will be described using the following parameters: demographic data, risk level, substance abuse level, the youth’s cognitive distortions, and responsivity issues such as: anxiety levels, depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, decision-making abilities, and hostility levels. Information pertaining to the type of termination (successful or unsuccessful completion) will be examined along with factors predicting successful completion of treatment. Lastly, recidivism data such as: percentage of juvenile offenders returning to a secure facility and factors predicting return to a secure facility will be explored to address the issue of effectiveness of the therapeutic community for juvenile offenders. Individual Characteristics Social Demographic Characteristics Drug History Substance Abuse Severity Current Offense and Criminal History Risk Level Psychological and Social Functioning Cognitive Distortions Intermediate Outcomes Changes In Psychological and Social Functioning Changes in Cognitive Distortions Successful Completion Long-Term Outcomes Rates of Incarceration Model Predicting Incarceration for Both Groups Model Predicting Incarceration for the Treatment Group Only Chapter 5: What it All Means? Summary, Conclusions and Policy Implications The chapter will begin by reviewing the major findings and limitations of the dissertation. In addition, explanations will be given concerning the major findings of the study. Furthermore, policy implications will be suggested concerning the use of therapeutic communities for juvenile offenders along with suggestions for future research. Limitations Summary of Findings Background Characteristics Impacting Intermediate Outcomes Predictors of Successful Completion Rates of Incarceration Model Predicting Incarceration Model Predicting Incarceration for the Treatment Group Only Policy Implications and Recommendations Suggestions for Future Research References Appendix A: Data Collection Instruments Appendix B: Tables Appendix C: Program Integrity Measure
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