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PART I Clinical Evaluation 1 General Aspects of the Patient's Neurologic History 2 Neurologic Examination of the Older Child 3 Neurologic Examination after the Newborn Period Until 2 Years of Age 4 Neurologic Examination of the Term and Preterm Infant 5 Muscular Tone and Gait Disturbances 6 Vision Loss 7 Hearing Impairment 8 Vertigo 9 Taste and Smell 10 Neuropsychological Assessment PART II Neurodiagnostic Testing 11 Spinal Fluid Examination 12 Pediatric Neuroimaging 13 Pediatric Neurophysiologic Evaluation PART III Emerging Neuroscience Concepts 14 Microstructural and Functional Connectivity in the Developing Brain 15 Stem Cell Transplantation for Childhood Neurologic Disorders 16 Cellular and Animal Models of Neurologic Disease PART IV Perinatal Acquired and Congenital Neurologic Disorders 17 Neonatal Neurointensive Care 18 Neonatal Seizures 19 Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in the Term Newborn 20 Cerebrovascular Disorders in the Newborn 21 Neonatal Nervous System Trauma 22 Injury to the Developing Preterm Brain: Intraventricular Hemorrhage and White Matter Injury Video 22.1 Endoscopic View of Clot at the Foramen of Monro Video 22.2 Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in an Infant with Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus 23 Perinatal Metabolic Encephalopathies PART V Congenital Structural Defects 24 Overview of Human BrainMalformations 25 Disorders of Neural Tube Development 26 Disorders of Forebrain Development 27 Disorders of Cerebellar and Brainstem Development 28 Disorders of Brain Size 29 Malformations of Cortical Development 30 Hydrocephalus and Arachnoid Cysts 31 Congenital Anomalies of the Skull 32 Developmental Encephalopathies 33 Prenatal Diagnosis of Structural Brain Anomalies PART VI Genetic, Metabolic and Neurocutaneous Disorders 34 Neurogenetics in the Genome Era 35 Chromosomes and Chromosomal Abnormalities 36 Approach to the Patient with a Metabolic Disorder 37 Aminoacidemias and Organic Acidemias 38 Inborn Errors of Urea Synthesis 39 Diseases Associated with Primary Abnormalities in Carbohydrate Metabolism 40 Disorders of Glycosylation 41 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 42 Mitochondrial Diseases 43 Peroxisomal Disorders 44 Neurotransmitter-Related Disorders 45 Phakomatoses and Allied Conditions 46 Disorders of Vitamin Metabolism 47 Nutrition and the Developing Brain 48 The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Disorders 49 Channelopathies PART VII Neurodevelopmental Disorders 50 Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Conceptual Framework 51 Global Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability 52 Cognitive and Motor Regression 53 Developmental Language Disorders 54 Nonverbal Learning Disabilities and Associated Disorders 55 Dyslexia 56 Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder 57 Autistic Spectrum Disorders 58 Management of Common Comorbidities Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 59 Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 60 Neuropsychopharmacology PART VIII Epilepsy 61 Overview of Seizures and Epilepsy in Children 62 Principles of Management and Outcome 63 Neurophysiology of Seizures and Epilepsy 64 Epilepsy Genetics 65 Febrile Seizures 66 Generalized Seizures 67 Focal and Multifocal Seizures 68 Epileptic Spasms and Myoclonic Seizures 69 Status Epilepticus 70 Electroclinical Syndromes: Neonatal Onset 71 Electroclinical Syndromes: Infantile Onset 72 Electroclinical Syndromes: Childhood Onset 73 Electroclinical Syndromes: Adolescent Onset Video 73.1 Focal Seizure with Dyscognitive Features 74 Focal Structural Epilepsy 75 Other Acquired Epilepsies: Trauma, Stroke, Tumors 76 Inherited Metabolic Epilepsies 77 Antiseizure Drug Therapy in Children 78 Epilepsy Surgery in the Pediatric Population 79 Neuromodulation in Epilepsy 80 Ketogenic Diets 81 Pediatric Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures and Psychiatric Disorders 82 Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Aspects of Childhood Epilepsy 83 Mortality in Children with Epilepsy PART IX Nonepileptiform Paroxysmal Disorders and Disorders of Sleep 84 Headache in Children and Adolescents 85 Breath-Holding Spells and Reflex Anoxic Seizures 86 Syncope and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome 87 Nocturnal Paroxysmal Disorders 88 Disorders of Excessive Sleepiness 89 Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children and Adolescents 90 Apparent Life-Threatening Event and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome PART X Disorders of Balance and Movement 91 The Cerebellum and the Hereditary Ataxias 92 Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Video 92.1 Signs of Ataxia 93 Movement Disorders: An Overview 94 Paroxysmal Dyskinesias 95 Movement Disorders of Infancy 96 Drug-Induced Movement Disorders in Children 97 Cerebral Palsy 98 Tics and Tourette Syndrome PART XI White Matter Disorders 99 Genetic and Metabolic Disorders of the White Matter 100 Acquired Disorders Affecting the White Matter PART XII Brain Injury and Disorders of Consciousness 101 Disorders of Consciousness in Children 102 Traumatic Brain Injury in Children 103 Abusive Head Trauma 104 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Infants and Older Children 105 Disorders of Intracranial Pressure 106 Spinal Cord Injury 107 Determination of Brain Death in Infants and Children PART XIII Cerebrovascular Disease in Children 108 Development and Function of the Cerebrovascular System 109 Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Infants and Children 110 Sinovenous Thrombosis in Infants and Children 111 Vascular Malformations, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Infants and Children 112 Cerebral Arteriopathies in Children 113 Coagulation Disorders and Cerebrovascular Disease in Children PART XIV Infections of the Nervous System 114 Bacterial Infections of the Nervous System 115 Viral Infections of the Nervous System 116 Fungal, Rickettsial, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System 117 Neurologic Complications of Immunization PART XV Immune Mediated Disorders of the Nervous System 118 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes 119 Immune-Mediated Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Hashimoto's Encephalopathy in Children 120 Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Video 120.1 OMS Evaluation Scale 121 Neurologic Manifestations of Rheumatic Disorders of Childhood PART XVI Pediatric Neurooncology 122 Pediatric Neuro-oncology: An Overview 123 Medulloblastoma 124 Other Embryonal and Pineal Malignancies of the Central Nervous System 125 Ependymoma 126 Pediatric Brain Tumors - High-Grade Glioma 127 Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma 128 Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma 129 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors 130 Central Nervous System Germinoma and Other Germ Cell Tumors 131 Craniopharyngioma, Meningiomas, and Schwannomas 132 Pediatric Intradural Spinal Cord Tumors 133 System Cancer and the Central Nervous System Involvement 134 Posttreatment Neurologic Sequelae of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors PART XVII Neuromuscular Disorders 135 Muscle and Nerve Development in Health and Disease 136 Laboratory Assessment of the Child with Suspected Neuromuscular Disorders 137 Clinical Assessment of Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders 138 The Floppy Infant 139 Genetic Disorders Affecting the Motor Neuron: Spinal Muscular Atrophy 140 Other Motor Neuron Diseases of Childhood 141 Genetic Peripheral Neuropathies 142 Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies 143 Inflammatory Neuropathies 144 Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes 145 Acquired Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction 146 Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies 147 Congenital, Limb Girdle and Other Muscular Dystrophies 148 Congenital Myopathies 149 Metabolic Myopathies 150 Inflammatory Myopathies 151 Channelopathies: Myotonic Disorders and Periodic Paralysis 152 Management of Children with Neuromuscular Disorders PART XVIII Systemic and Autonomic Nervous 153 Endocrine Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in Childhood and Adolescence 154 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System: Autonomic Dysfunction in Pediatric Practice 155 Disorders of Micturition and Defecation 156 Poisoning and Drug-Induced Neurologic Diseases 157 Neurologic Disorders in Children with Heart Disease 158 Neurologic Disorders Associated with Renal Diseases 159 Neurologic Disorders Associated with Gastrointestinal Diseases PART XIX Care of the Child with Neurologic Disorders 160 Counseling Children with Neurologic Disorders and Their Families 161 Approaches to Personalized Medicine in Pediatric Neurology 162 Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Medicine 163 Pain Management and Palliative Care 164 Ethical Issues in Child Neurology 165 Transitional Care for Children with Neurologic Disorders 166 Practice Guidelines in Pediatric Neurology 167 Special Education Law as it Relates to Children with Neurologic Disorders 168 Measurement of Health Outcomes in Pediatric Neurologic Disorders 169 The Influence of Computer Resources on Child Neurology 170 Education and Training of Child Neurologists and Workforce Issues APPENDIX A APPENDIX B Index