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PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASESSection A: Microbial Pathogens1. A Molecular Perspective of Microbial Pathogenicity2. The Human Microbiome3. Prebiotics, Probiotics, and SynbioticsSection B: Host Defense Mechanisms4. Innate (General or Nonspecific) Host Defense Mechanisms5. Adaptive Immunity: Antibodies and Immunodefiencies6. Cell-Mediated Defense Against Infection7. Mucosal Immunity8. Granulocytic Phagocytes9. Complement and Deficiencies10. Human Genetics and Infection11. Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection12. Evaluation of the Patient with Suspected ImmunodeficiencySection C: Epidemiology of Infectious Disease13. Principles of Applied Epidemiology for the Practice of Infectious Diseases14. Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Threats15. Bioterrorism: An OverviewSection D: Clinical Microbiology16. The Clinician and the Microbiology Laboratory: Test Ordering, Specimen Collection, and Result InterpretationSection E: Antiinfective Therapy17. Principles of Anti-Infective Therapy18. Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria19. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anti-Infective Agents20. Penicillins and ?-Lactamase Inhibitors21. Cephalosporins and Cephalosporin/?-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations22. Carbapenems, Carbapenem/?-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations, and Aztreonam23. Antibiotic Allergy24. Aminoglycosides25. Tetracyclines, Tetracycline Derivatives, and Chloramphenicol26. Rifamycins27. Metronidazole28. Macrolides and Clindamycin29. Glycopeptides (Vancomycin and Teicoplanin) and Lipoglycopeptides (Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin)30. Streptogramins (Quinupristin-Dalfopristin) and Lipopeptides (Daptomycin)31. Polymyxins (Polymyxin B and Colistin)32. Linezolid,Tedizolid, and Other Oxazolidinones33. Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole34. Quinolones35. Antibiotics in Advanced Development and Other Agents36. Urinary Tract Agents: Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin and Methenamine37. Topical Antibacterials38. Antimycobacterial Agents39. Bacteriophage Therapy, Endolysin Therapy and Antimicrobial Peptide Therapy40. Antifungal Agents: Polyene Antifungals41. Antifungal Drugs: Azole42. Antifungal Drugs: Echinocandins and Other Beta-D-glucan Inhibitors43. Antifungal Drugs: Flucytosine44. Antimalarial Drugs45. Drugs for Protozoal Infections Other Than Malaria46. Drugs for Helminths47. Antiviral Agents: General Principles48. Antiviral Drugs for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Infections Except for SARS-CoV-249. Antivirals Against Herpesviruses50. Antiviral Drugs Against Hepatitis Viruses51. Miscellaneous Antivirals Agents (Interferons, Tecovirimat, Imiquimod, Pocapavir)52. Immunomodulators53. Hyperbaric Oxygen54. Antimicrobial Stewardship55. Designing and Interpreting Clinical Studies in Infectious Diseases56. Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial TherapyPART II: MAJOR CLINICAL SYNDROMESSection A: Fever57. Temperature Regulation and the Pathogenesis of Fever58. Fever of Unknown Origin59. The Acutely Ill Patient with Fever and RashSection B: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections60. The Common Cold61. Pharyngitis62. Acute Laryngitis63. Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, and Mastoiditis64. Sinusitis65. Epiglottitis66. Infections of the Oral Cavity, Neck, and HeadSection C: Pleuropulmonary and Bronchial Infections67. Acute Bronchitis68. Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease69. Acute Pneumonia70. Pleural Effusion and Empyema71. Bacterial Lung Abscess72. Chronic Pneumonia73. Cystic FibrosisSection D: Urinary Tract Infections74. Urinary Tract InfectionsSection E: Sepsis75. Sepsis and Septic ShockSection F: Intraabdominal Infections76. Peritonitis and Intraperitoneal Abscesses77. Infections of the Liver and Biliary System (Liver Abscess, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis)78. Pancreatic Infection79. Splenic Abscess80. Appendicitis81. Diverticulitis and Neutropenic EnterocolitisSection G: Cardiovascular Infections82. Endocarditis and Intravascular Infections83. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis84. Infections of Nonvalvular Cardiovascular Devices85. Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis86. Myocarditis and Pericarditis87. MediastinitisSection H: Central Nervous System Infections88. Approach to the Patient with Central Nervous System Infection89. Acute Meningitis90. Chronic Meningitis91. Encephalitis92. Brain Abscess93. Subdural Empyema, Epidural Abscess, and Suppurative Intracranial Thrombophlebitis94. Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt and Drain InfectionsSection I: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections95. Cellulitis, Necrotizing Fasciitis, and Subcutaneous Tissue Infections96. Myositis and Myonecrosis97. Lymphadenitis and LymphangitisSection J: Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning98. Syndromes of Enteric Infection99. Esophagitis100. Diarrhea with Little or No Fever101. Acute Dysentery Syndromes (Diarrhea with Fever)102. Typhoid Fever, Paratyphoid Fever, and Typhoidal Fevers103. Foodborne Disease (Food Poisoning)104. Tropical Sprue and Environmental Enteric DysfunctionSection K: Bone and Joint Infections105. Infectious Arthritis of Native Joints106. Osteomyelitis107. Orthopaedic Implant-Associated InfectionsSection L: Diseases of The Reproductive Organs and Sexually Transmitted Diseases108. Anogenital Skin and Mucous Membrane Lesions109. Urethritis110. Vulvovaginitis and Cervicitis111. Infections of the Female Pelvis112. Prostatitis, Epididymitis, and orchitisSection M: Eye Infections113. Introduction to Eye Infections114. Microbial Conjunctivitis115. Microbial Keratitis116. Endophthalmitis117. Infectious Causes of Uveitis118. Periocular InfectionsSection N: Hepatitis119. Viral HepatitisSection O: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome120. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses121. Global Perspectives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome122. Epidemiology and Prevention of AIDS and HIV Infection, Including Preexposure Prophylaxis and HIV Vaccine Development123. Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection124. The Immunology of HIV-1 Infection, Mechanisms of Viral Persistence, and Prospects for Cure125. General Clinical Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (Including Acute Retroviral Syndrome and Oral, Cutaneous, Renal, Ocular, Metabolic, and Cardiac Diseases)126. Pulmonary Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection127. Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection128. Neurologic Diseases Caused By Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Opportunistic Infections129. Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection130. Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection131. Management of Opportunistic Infections Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionSection P: COVID-19132. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Virology133. Global perspective and Epidemiology of COVID-19134. Immunology and Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19135. Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 in Adults and Children136. Treatment and Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)Section Q: Miscellaneous Syndromes137. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue SyndromePART III: INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR ETIOLOGIC AGENTSSection A: Viral Diseases138. Biology of Viruses and Viral Diseases139. Orthopoxviruses: Vaccinia (Smallpox Vaccine), Variola (Smallpox), Mpox, and Cowpox140. Other Poxviruses That Infect Humans: (Including Orf Virus) Molluscum Contagiosum, and Yatapoxviruses141. Introduction to Herpesviridae142. Herpes Simplex Virus143. Chickenpox and Herpes Zoster (Varicella-Zoster Virus)144. Cytomegalovirus145. Epstein-Barr Virus (Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignant Diseases, and Other Diseases)146. Human Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7 (Exanthem Subitum)147. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus Type 8)148. Herpes B Virus149. Adenoviruses150. Papillomaviruses151. JC, BK, and Other Polyomaviruses: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, BK Nephropathy, and Merkel Cell Carcinoma152. Hepatitis B Virus153. Hepatitis D Virus154. Human Parvoviruses, Including Parvovirus B19, Human Bocaviruses, and Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAVs)155. Orthoreoviruses and Orbiviruses156. Coltiviruses (Colorado Tick Fever Virus) and Seadornaviruses157. Rotaviruses158. Alphaviruses159. Rubella Virus (German Measles)160. Flaviviruses (Dengue, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile Encephalitis, Usutu Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Powassan Encephalitis, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever, Zika)161. Hepatitis C162. Coronaviruses, Including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)163. Parainfluenza Viruses164. Mumps Virus165. Respiratory Syncytial Virus166. Human Metapneumovirus167. Measles Virus (Rubeola)168. Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Nipah, Hendra, and Menangle Viruses169. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Related Vesiculoviruses (Chandipura Virus)170. Rabies (Rhabdoviruses)171. Marburg and Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fevers172. Influenza Viruses, Including Avian Influenza and Swine Influenza173. Bunyavirus Infections: Hantavirus Syndromes, La Crosse encephalitis, Rift Valley Fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, and Others174. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus, Lassa Virus, Lujo Virus, and the South American Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses (Arenaviruses)175. Human T-Lymphotropic Virus176. Introduction to the Human Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses177. Poliovirus178. Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses and Numbered Enteroviruses (EVD-68, EVD-70, EV-A71) )179. The Human Parechoviruses180. Hepatitis A Virus181. Rhinovirus182. Noroviruses and Sapoviruses (Caliciviruses)183. Astroviruses and Picobirnaviruses184. Hepatitis E VirusSection B: Prion Diseases185. Prions and Prion Diseases of the Central Nervous System (Transmissible Neurodegenerative Diseases)Section C: Chlamydial Diseases186. Chlamydia Trachomatis (Urogenital Infections and Trachoma)187. Psittacosis (Due to Chlamydia psittaci)188. Chlamydia PneumoniaeSection D: Mycoplasma Diseases189. Mycoplasmoides (Mycoplasma) pneumoniae190. Genital Mycoplasmas: Mycoplasma Genitalium, Mycoplasma Hominis, Ureaplasma SpeciesSection E: Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmoses191. Introduction to Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis192. Rickettsia Rickettsii and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fevers)193. Coxiella Burnetii (Q Fever)194. Rickettsia Prowazekii (Epidemic or Louse-Borne Typhus)195. Rickettsia Typhi (Murine Typhus)196. Orientia Tsutsugamushi (Scrub Typhus)197. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Other AnaplasmataceaeSection F: Bacterial Diseases198. Introduction to Bacteria and Bacterial DiseasesSub-Section I. Infections due to Gram-Positive Bacteria199. Staphylococcus Aureus200. Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Other Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci201. Classification of Streptococci202. Streptococcus Pyogenes (Group A streptococcus)203. Nonsuppurative Poststreptococcal Sequelae: Rheumatic Fever and Glomerulonephritis204. Streptococcus Pneumoniae205. Enterococcus Species, Streptococcus Gallolyticus Group and Leuconostoc Species206. Streptococcus Agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)207. Viridans Streptococci, Nutritionally Variant Streptococci, and Groups C and G Streptococci208. Streptococcus Anginosus Group209. Corynebacterium Diphtheriae (Diphtheria)210. Other Coryneform Bacteria and Rhodococci211. Listeria Monocytogenes212. Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax)213. Bacillus Species and Related Genera Other Than Bacillus Anthracis214. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae215. Whipple DiseaseSub-Section II. Infections due to Gram-Negative Bacteria216. Neisseria Meningitidis217. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)218. Moraxella Catarrhalis, Kingella, and Other Gram-Negative Cocci219. Vibrio Cholerae220. Other Pathogenic Vibrios221. Campylobacter Jejuni and Related Species222. Helicobacter Pylori and Other Gastric Helicobacter Species223. Enterobacterales (Enterobacteriaceae)224. P. Aeruginosa and Other Pseudomonas Species225. Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia and Burkholderia Cepacia Complex226. Burkholderia Pseudomallei and Burkholderia Mallei: Melioidosis and Glanders227. Acinetobacter Species228. Salmonella Species229. Bacillary Dysentery: Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli230. Haemophilus Species, Including H. Influenzae and H. ducreyi231. Brucellosis (Brucella Species)232. Francisella Tularensis (Tularemia)233. Pasteurella Species234. Plague (Yersinis Pestis)235. Yersinia Enterocolitica and Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis236. Bordetella Pertussis237. Rat-Bite Fever: Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus238. Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever239. Capnocytophaga Species240. Bartonella, Including Cat-Scratch Disease241. Klebsiella Granulomatis (Donovanosis, Granuloma Inguinale)242. Other Gram-Negative and Gram-Variable BacilliSub-Section III. Infections due to Spirochetal Bacteria243. Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)244. Endemic Treponematoses245. Leptospira Species (Leptospirosis)246. Relapsing Fevers Due to Borrelia Species247. Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) Due to Borrelia BurgdorferiSub-Section IV. Infections due to Anaerobic Bacteria248. Anaerobic Infections: General Concepts249. Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection250. Tetanus (Clostridium Tetani)251. Botulism (Clostridium Botulinum)252. Diseases Caused by Clostridium253. Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium Species (And Other Medically Important Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli)254. Anaerobic Cocci and Anaerobic Gram-Positive Nonsporulating BacilliSub-Section V. Infections due to Acid-Fast Organisms255. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis256. Leprosy (Mycobacterium Leprae)257. Mycobacterium Avium Complex258. Infections Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Other Than Mycobacterium Avium Complex259. Nocardia Species260. Agents of ActinomycosisSection G: Mycoses261. Introduction to Mycoses262. Candida Species263. Aspergillus Species264. Agents of Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis265. Sporothrix Schenckii266. Chromoblastomycosis267. Mycetoma268. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus Neoformans and Cryptococcus Gattii)269. Histoplasma Capsulatum (Histoplasmosis)270. Blastomycosis271. Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)272. Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) and Other Superficial Mycoses273. Paracoccidioidomycosis274. Uncommon Fungi and Related Species275. Pneumocystis Species276. MicrosporidiosisSection H: Protozoal Diseases277. Introduction to Protozoal Diseases278. Entamoeba Species, Including Amebic Colitis and Liver Abscess279. Free-Living Amebae280. Malaria (Plasmodium Species)281. Leishmania Species: Visceral, Cutaneous, and Mucosal282. Trypanosoma Species (American Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Disease): Biology of Trypanosomes283. Agents of African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)284. Toxoplasma Gondii285. Giardia Lamblia286. Trichomonas Vaginalis287. Babesia Species288. Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium Species)289. Cyclospora Cayetanensis, Isospora Belli, Sarcocystis Species, Balantidium Coli, and Blastocystis SpeciesSection I: Diseases Due to Toxic Algae290. Human Illness Associated With Cyanobacteria and Harmful Algal Blooms, Including Fish and Shellfish Poisoning SyndromesSection J: Diseases Due to Helminths291. Introduction to Helminth Infections292. Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)293. Tissue Nematodes, Including Trichinellosis, Dracunculiasis, and the Filariases294. Trematodes (Schistosomes and Liver, Intestinal and Lung Flukes)295. Tapeworms (Cestodes)296. Visceral Larva Migrans and Other Uncommon Helminth InfectionsSection K: Ectoparasitic Diseases297. Introduction to Ectoparasitic Diseases298. Lice (Pediculosis)299. Scabies300. Myiasis and Tungiasis301. Mites, Including ChiggersSection L: Diseases of Unknown Etiology302. Ticks, Including Tick Paralysis303. Kawasaki DiseasePART IV: SPECIAL PROBLEMSSection A: Nosocomial Infections304. Infection Prevention and Control in the Healthcare Setting305. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Hospital Waste306. Infections Caused by Percutaneous Intravascular Devices307. Nosocomial Pneumonia308. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) and Catheter-Associated Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (CA-ASB)309. Transfusion- and Transplantation-Transmitted InfectionsSection B: Infections in Special Hosts310. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host: General Principles311. Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients312. Infections in Recipients of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation +CAR-Tcell infections313. Infections in Solid organ Transplant Recipients314. Infections in Older Adults315. Infections in Asplenic Patients316. Infections in Persons Who Inject DrugsSection C: Surgical- and Trauma-Related Infections317. Surgical Site Infections and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis318. Burns319. Infections Following Traumatic Injuries320. BitesSection D: Immunization321. Principles of immunization and public health322. Immunizations for Specific InfectionsSection E: Protection of Travelers323. Protection of Travelers324. Infections in Returning TravelersSection F: Emerging Issues in Infectious Diseases325. Zoonoses326. Communicating about Infectious Diseases to the Public327. Basic Principles in Climate Change and Infectious Diseases