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General Introduction Chapter 1: Conceptual Frameworks Maurianne Adams Introduction 1 "The Complexity of Identity: ‘Who am I?’" Beverly Daniel Tatum 2 "Identities and Social Locations: Who am I? Who are My People?" Gwyn Kirk, Margo Okazawa-Rey 3 "The Social Construction of Difference" Allan G. Johnson 4 "Theoretical Foundations" Lee Anne Bell "Conceptual Foundations" Rita Hardiman, Bailey W. Jackson, Pat Griffin 5 "Five Faces of Oppression" Iris Marion Young 6 "The Cycle of Socialization" Bobbie Harro 7 "Responsibility for Justice" Iris Marion Young Chapter 2: Racism Carmelita (Rosie) Castañeda, Ximena Zúñiga Introduction CONTEXT 8 "Defining Racism: ‘Can We Talk?’" Beverly Daniel Tatum 9 "A Different Mirror" Ronald Takaki 10 "Symbolic Racism, History and Reality: The Real Problem with Indian Mascots" Kimberly Roppolo 11 "The Possessive Investment in Whiteness" George Lipsitz 12 "Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy: Rethinking Women of Color Organizing" Andrea Smith 13 "La consciencia de la mestiza: Toward a New Consciousness" Gloria Anzaldúa 14 Patrolling racial borders: Discrimination against mixed race people H. M. Dalmage 15 Injustice for all: The rise of the US Immigration Policing Regime. National Network for Immigrants and Refugee Rights VOICES 16 "Finding My Eye-dentity" Olivia Chung 17 "Identification Pleas" Eric Gansworth 18 "The Arab Woman and I" Mona Fayad 19 "My Tongue is Divided into Two" Quique Aviles 20 "The Emperor’s New Clothes" Patricia J. Williams 21 "Waking Up White: What It Means to Accept Your Legacy, for Better and Worse" Jan Arminio 　 NEXT STEPS 22 "Women, Race and Racism: A Dialogue in Black and White" Andrea Ayvazian, Beverly Daniel Tatum 23 "FLEXing Cross-Cultural Communication" Carmelita (Rosie) Castañeda 24 "The Personal is Political" Richard (Chip) Smith　 Chapter 3: Classism Maurianne Adams Introduction CONTEXT 25 "Class in America—2006" Gregory Mantsios 26 "The Dangerous Consequences of Growing Inequality" Chuck Collins, Felice Yeskel, with United for a Fair Economy and Class Action 27 "Race, Wealth, and Equality" Melvin L. Oliver & Thomas M. Shapiro 28 "What Has Debt Got to Do with It?" Brett Williams 29 "At the Elite Colleges" Peter Schmidt 30 "Is the near-trillion-dollar student loan bubble about to pop?" Sarah Jaffe 31 "Students with Disabilities: Financial Aid Policy Issues" Thomas R. Wolanin 32 "Report on Trafficking in Persons 2011" U.S. Department of State 33 Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. Pew Research Center: Social & Demographic Trends VOICES 34 "Bonds of Sisterhood—Bonds of Oppression" Mary Romero 35 "White Poverty: The Politics of Invisibility" bell hooks 36 "Why Can’t Everybody Fear Me Like That?" Saint 37 "Classified: How to Stop Hiding Your Privilege and Use It for Social Change" Karen Pittleman & Resource Generation 38 "The Debt Trap: Given a Shovel, Americans Dig Deeper into Debt" Gretchen Morgenson NEXT STEPS 39 How Occupy Wall Street Changes Everything Sarah van Gelner 40 "Classism from Our Mouths" and "Tips from Working-Class Activists" Betsy Leondar-Wright 41 "Deep Thoughts about Class Privilege" Karen Pittelman & Resource Generation 42 "Distributing Income: You Be the Judge" Tamara Sober Giecek with United for a Fair Economy　 Chapter 4: Religious Oppression Maurianne Adams, Khyati Y. Joshi Introduction CONTEXT 43 "Christian Nation or Pluralistic Culture: Religion in American Life" Charles H. Lippy 44 "Christian Privilege: Breaking a Sacred Taboo" Lewis Z. Schlosser 45 "Christian Privilege and the Promotion of ‘Secular’ and Not-So ‘Secular’ Mainline Christianity in Public Schooling and in the Larger Society" Warren J. Blumenfeld 46 "Religious Oppression of Indian Americans in the Contemporary United States" Khyati Y. Joshi 47 "Precedents: The Destruction of the European Jews" Raul Hilberg 48 "Maps—History of Anti-Semitism" Sir Martin Gilbert 49 "See You in Court" and "Working it Out Diana Eck 50 "Native American Religious Liberty: Five Hundred Years after Columbus" Walter R. Echo-Hawk 51 "Taking the Indian out of the Indian: U.S. Policies of Ethnocide through Education" Donald A. Grinde, Jr. 52 "From Pearl Harbor to 9/11: Lessons from the Internment of Japanese American Buddhists" Duncan Ryûken Williams 53 "A Somali Influx Unsettles Latino Meatpackers" Kirk Semple VOICES 54 "Jews in the U.S.: Rising Costs of Whiteness" Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz 55 "Oral History of Adam Fattah" Amna Ahmad "Oral History of Hagar Omran" Hoda Zawam 56 Modesto-Area Atheists Speak Up, Seek Tolerance Sue Nowicki Student Faces Town's Wrath in Protest Against a Prayer Abby Goodenough NEXT STEPS 57 "Creating Identity-Safe Spaces on College Campuses for Muslim Students" Na’ilah Suad Nasir, Jasiyah Al-Amin 58 "Religious diversity in schools: Addressing the issues" Catharine Whittaker, Spencer Salend, Hala Elhoweris 59 "Pioneers in Dialogue: Jews Building Bridges" Reena Bernards 　 Chapter 5: Sexism Heather W. Hackman Introduction CONTEXT 60 "‛Night to His Day’: The Social Construction of Gender" Judith Lorber 61 "Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity" Michael S. Kimmel 62 "Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us" Allan G. Johnson 63 "Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression" bell hooks 64 "Violence Against Women Is a Men’s Issue" Jackson Katz 65 "Out-of-Body Image" Caroline Heldman 66 "Women’s Pay: Why the Gap Remains a Chasm" Aaron Bernstein VOICES 67 "The Body Politic" Abra Fortune Chernik 68 "Connect: A Web of Words" Robin Morgan 69 "He Works, She Works, But What Different Impressions They Make" Gwyn Kirk & Margo Okazawa-Rey NEXT STEPS 70 "Promises Made" Ross Neely 71 "To Stop the Violence against Women" Alice Walker 72 "National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health Statement on Healthcare for All" National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health 73 "Heartbroken: Women of Color Feminism and the Third Wave" Rebecca Hurdis 74 "Stop the False Race/Gender Divide: A Call to Action" Ann Russo, Melissa Spatz 75 "Grassroots: Introduction" Winona LaDuke 76 "Unbowed: A Memoir" Wangari Maathai　 Chapter 6: Heterosexism Warren J. Blumenfeld Introduction CONTEXT 77 "How Homophobia Hurts Everyone" Warren J. Blumenfeld 78 "The InterSEXion: A Vision for a Queer Progressive Agenda" Deepali Gokhale 79 "Privilege" Devon W. Carbado 80 "Sport: Where Men are Men and Women are Trespassers" Pat Griffin VOICES 81 "Real Men & Pink Suits" Charles M. Blow 82 "The Loving Decision" Anna Quindlen 83 "Mestiza/o Gender: Notes towards a Transformative Masculinity" Daniel E. Solis y Martinez NEXT STEPS 84 "Becoming an Ally: A New Examination" Nancy J. Evans, Jaime Washington 85 "Address on Global LGBT Rights" Hillary Clinton　 Chapter 7: Transgender Oppression Chase Catalano, Davey Shlasko Introduction CONTEXT 86 "Introduction: How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States" Joanne Meyerowitz 87 "Transgender Liberation" Susan Stryker 88 "Mutilating Gender" Dean Spade 89 "Trans Woman Manifesto" Julia Serano 90 "The impact of juvenile court on queer and trans/gender-non-conforming youth" Wesley Ware　 VOICES 91 "Passing Realities" Allie Lie 92 "Look! No, Don’t! The Invisibility Dilemma for Transsexual Men" Jamison Green NEXT STEPS 93 "Cisgender Privilege" Evin Taylor 94 "Calling All Restroom Revolutionaries!" Simone Chess, Alisson Kafer, Jessi Quizar, Mattie Udora Richardson Chapter 8: Ableism Carmelita (Rosie) Castañeda, Larissa Hopkins, Madeline L. Peters Introduction CONTEXT 95 "Struggle for Freedom: Disability Rights Movements" Willie V. Bryan 96 "Historical and Cultural Influences in Deaf Education" Janet Cerney 97 "Historical, Theoretical, and Foundational Principles of Universal Instructional Design in Higher Education" Susan M. Pliner, Julia R. Johnson 98 "The Social Construction of Disability" Susan Wendell 99 "Go to the Margins of the Class: Disability and Hate Crimes" Lennard J. Davis 100 "Why the Intersexed Shouldn’t Be Fixed: Insights from Queer Theory and Disability Studies" Sumi Colligan 101 "Mass Psychiatric Casualties" Dave Grossman 102 "Disability in the New World Order" Nirmala Erevelles VOICES 103 "Gawking, Gaping, Staring" Eli Clare 104 "Post-traumatic stress disorder leaves scars on the inside, iraq veteran says." Edward D. Murphy 105 "On the Spectrum, Looking Out" Jess Watsky 106 "How to Curse in Sign Language" Ashley & Deborah 107 "What I’d Tell That Doctor" Jason Kingsley 108 "In the LD Bubble" Lynn Pelkey NEXT STEPS 109 "Toward Ending Ableism in Education" Thomas Hehir 110 "Facilitating Transitions to College for Students with Disabilities from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds" Heather Oesterreich, Michelle Knight 111 "Learning Disability Identity Development and Social Construction: A Two-Tiered Approach" Cheryl L. Howland & Eva Gibavic 112 "Creating a Fragrance-Free Zone: A Friendly Atmosphere for People Living with Environmental Illness" Invisible Disabilities Advocate 113 "Recognizing Ableist Beliefs and Practices and Taking Action as an Ally" Madeline Peters, Carmelita (Rosie) Castañeda, Larissa Hopkins, & Aquila McCants Chapter 9: Ageism & Adultism Keri DeJong, Barbara J. Love Introduction CONTEXT 114 "Understanding Adultism: A Key to Developing Positive Youth-Adult Relationships" John Bell 115 "‘Look Out Kid, It’s Something You Did’: The Criminalization of Children" Bernadine Dohrn 116 "Police Make Life Hell for Youth of Color" Kathy Durkin 117 "Ageism: Another Form of Bigotry" Robert N. Butler 118 "Ageing with Disabilities: Ageism and More" Debra J. Sheets 119 "Black Elderly" Center on Aging Studies, University of Missouri—Kansas City VOICES 120 "Regardless of What You Were Taught to Believe: There Is Nothing Wrong with You: For Teens" Cheri Huber 121 "Elders’ Liberation Draft Policy" Marge Larabee 122 "People of Color Over Fifty" Dottie Curry NEXT STEPS 123 "Chicago’s Peace Warriors" Kuza Haga 124 "Allies to Young People: Tips and Guidelines on How to Assist Young People to Organize" Jenny Sazama 125 "Taking a Stand Against Ageism at all Ages: A Powerful Coalition" Margaret M. Gullette 126 "What Allies of Elders Can Do" Patricia Markee 　 Chapter 10: Working for Social Justice: Visions and Strategies for Change Ximena Zúñiga Introduction CONTEXT 127 "Reflections on Liberation" Suzanne Pharr 128 "Developing a Liberatory Consciousness" Barbara J. Love 129 "Toward a New Vision: Race, Class, and Gender" Patricia Hill Collins 130 "What Can We Do?" Allan G. Johnson 131 "The Cycle of Liberation" (moved from Section 1) Bobbie Harro 　 VOICES 132 "Courage" Cornel West 133 "Allies" Gloria Anzaldúa 　 NEXT STEPS 134 "Social Struggle" Richard (Chip) Smith 135 "Bridging Differences through Intergroup Dialogue" Ximena Zúñiga 136 "Unite and Rebel! Challenges and Strategies in Building Alliances" Elizabeth (Betita) Martinez 137 Top Youth Activism Victories of 2009 WireTap 　 Permissions Acknowledgments About the Editors