Pealer, Jennifer 　著

目次

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: The "Just Say No" War on Drugs Campaign, Juvenile Drug Use and The Juvenile Crime Problem This chapter reviews the prevalence of substance abuse among juvenile offenders and problems that these arrests cause the juvenile justice system. In response to the link between substance abuse and criminal behavior, states have received monies to implement residential substance abuse treatment programs many of which implemented therapeutic communities. The development of the RSAT program will be discussed as well as the criticisms of drug treatment for offenders. The chapter ends by discussing the research questions that will be addressed. 　　 Development of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment　 Criticisms of Drug Treatment Programs　 Overcoming the Criticisms of Previous Research 　 Research Questions　 Conclusion　 　　 Chapter 2: Combatting Juvenile Crime and Drug Use 　 This chapter examines the history of the juvenile justice system, how it developed to treat juveniles, the attack of the juvenile justice system and rehabilitation in general. The history of therapeutic communities in corrections and how therapeutic communities have evolved from traditional to modified communities that are found in many correctional programs today and the differences between American and British therapeutic communities will be explored. In addition, the chapter will examine the effectiveness of drug treatment especially therapeutic communities and the methodological problems that plague many studies. Finally, the chapter will explore the principles of effective interventions and how they relate to residential substance abuse treatment. 　 The Development of the Juvenile Justice System　 Criticisms of the Juvenile Justice System　 Attacking Rehabilitation and the Juvenile Justice System　 Social Context, Rehabilitation, and Treating Juvenile Offenders　 Liberal Ideology　 Conservative Ideology　 Juvenile Justice: From Treatment to Punishment　 Evidence Based Practice to Reduce Recidivism　 Therapeutic Communities as a Treatment Modality for Offenders　 History of Therapeutic Communities　 Developments in the United Kingdom　 Development in the United States 　 Differences between American and European Therapeutic Communities 　 Characteristics of Therapeutic Communities　 View of Substance Abuse and the Individual　 Treatment Modality of the Therapeutic Community　 Structure of the Therapeutic Community　 The Use of Work in the Therapeutic Community　 The Use of Behavioral Reinforcements in the Therapeutic Community　 The Types of Meetings and Groups in a Therapeutic Community　 Examining Therapeutic Communities Through the Lens of the Principles of Effective Interventions　 Intensive and Behavioral Services Targeting Criminogenic Needs of High-Risk Offenders　 Reinforcement of Contingencies　 Staff Characteristics　 Relapse Prevention Strategies　 Effectiveness of Therapeutic Communities 　 Reducing Recidivism　 Treatment Versus Non-Treatment　 Follow-Up Time Period　 Completers Versus Non-Completers　 Transitional Therapeutic Communities　 Meta-Analysis and Reviews of the Literature　 Predictors of Recidivism　 Demographic Characteristics　 Severity or Risk Level　 Psychological Factors　 Participation/Completion of Treatment　 Predictors of Successful Completion of Treatment　 Summary of Effectiveness　 Methodological Problems of Past Research 　 Conclusion　 　　 Chapter 3: A Quasi-Experimental Research Design to Determine Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Community for Juvenile Offenders 　 This chapter will describe the quasi-experimental design that was used to determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic community for juvenile offenders. The treatment and comparison group will be described as well as how the comparison group was matched to the treatment group based on an important predictor of recidivism-risk level. The sampling technique and procedures for collecting will be discussed. In addition, the measures used to determine the effectiveness of the therapeutic community will be explained along with the statistical tests that were conducted. Lastly, limitations of the study will be discussed. 　 Research Questions　 Research Design　 Procedures for Collecting Data　 Treatment Group　 Mohican Youth Center　 Sample Size, Time Period, and Selection of Youth　 Type of Treatment 　 Job Assignments Within Mohican Youth Center　 Behavior Management Within Mohican Youth Center　 Groups Held at Mohican　 Phases of Treatment　 A Quantitative Assessment of the Principles of Effective Intervention　 Comparison Group　 Description of the Measures　 Individual Characteristics Examined　 Juvenile Demographics　 Criminal History　 Substance Abuse History　 Risk Level　 Psychological and Social Functioning　 Cognitive Distortions　 Termination Data　 Outcome Variables Examined　 Intermediate Outcomes　 Long-term Outcomes　 Statistical Tests　 Limitations of the Study　 Conclusion　 　　 Chapter 4: Did Participation in the Therapeutic Community Effect Outcomes? This chapter will present the results of the study. Specifically, the background characteristics of the sample will be presented. The youth will be described using the following parameters: demographic data, risk level, substance abuse level, the youth’s cognitive distortions, and responsivity issues such as: anxiety levels, depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, decision-making abilities, and hostility levels. Information pertaining to the type of termination (successful or unsuccessful completion) will be examined along with factors predicting successful completion of treatment. Lastly, recidivism data such as: percentage of juvenile offenders returning to a secure facility and factors predicting return to a secure facility will be explored to address the issue of effectiveness of the therapeutic community for juvenile offenders. 　 Individual Characteristics　 Social Demographic Characteristics　 Drug History　 Substance Abuse Severity　 Current Offense and Criminal History　 Risk Level　 Psychological and Social Functioning　 Cognitive Distortions　 Intermediate Outcomes　 Changes In Psychological and Social Functioning　 Changes in Cognitive Distortions　 Successful Completion 　 Long-Term Outcomes　 Rates of Incarceration　 Model Predicting Incarceration for Both Groups　 Model Predicting Incarceration for the Treatment Group Only　 　　 Chapter 5: What it All Means? Summary, Conclusions and Policy Implications 　 The chapter will begin by reviewing the major findings and limitations of the dissertation. In addition, explanations will be given concerning the major findings of the study. Furthermore, policy implications will be suggested concerning the use of therapeutic communities for juvenile offenders along with suggestions for future research. 　 　　 Limitations　 Summary of Findings　 Background Characteristics　 Impacting Intermediate Outcomes　 Predictors of Successful Completion　 Rates of Incarceration　 Model Predicting Incarceration　 Model Predicting Incarceration for the Treatment Group Only　 Policy Implications and Recommendations　 Suggestions for Future Research　 　　 References　 　　 Appendix A: Data Collection Instruments　 　　 Appendix B: Tables Appendix C: Program Integrity Measure