Pine, John C. 　著

目次

Introduction to Hazards Analysis; John C. PineObjectivesKey TermsIssueIntroductionTerminology of HazardsViews of Extreme Natural Events as Primary Causes of DisastersA Changing Hazards ParadigmHazards AnalysisHazard IdentificationVulnerability AnalysisRisk AnalysisLinking Hazards Analysis to Risk and Comprehensive Emergency Management     Communicating Risk from a Hazards Analysis     Community Involvement     Values in Community EngagementConclusionsDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsitesReferencesHazards Identification; John C. PineObjectivesKey TermsIssueIntroductionHazards Identification ProcessOrganizing a Hazards Identification TeamCreating a Community Profile     Community Assets     Environmental or Natural Assets and RisksSources of Hazards Data     Social Assets     Economic and Constructed Assets          Infrastructure          Critical Facilities          Economic ActivitiesMapping Community Assets and HazardsInterdependence of CommunitiesIdentifying Community ProblemsProblem-Solving ProcessProblem Solving in a Nonstructured EnvironmentDecision TrapsPerception of Risks by CitizensConclusionsDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsites     Population Data     Health Data     Environmental Data     Transportation     Energy     Business StatisticsMapping ResourcesReferencesModeling Natural- and Human-Caused Hazards; John C. PineObjectivesKey TermsIssueRole of Hazard Modeling in Hazards AnalysisAn Example of a Hazard ModelNature and Types of Models     Dynamic Models     Deterministic     ProbabilisticModels Used in Hazards Analysis     HAZUS-MH ModelEvacuation Transportation ModelingModeling Community ResilienceCommunicating Risks from ModelsAssessing Hazard Models     Validity     Quality     Availability of Model Documentation     Data Accuracy, Resolution, and AvailabilityCoupling Models with GISStatic versus Adaptable OutputsUses of Model Outputs     Timeliness     CompletenessAdvantages and Disadvantages of Hazard ModelsModel LimitationsHazard ProfilesSources of Hazard Information for the Hazard Profile     Description of Hazard     Magnitude     Frequency of Occurrence     Seasonal Pattern     Duration     Speed of Onset     Availability of Warnings     Location and Spatial ExtentConclusionsDiscussion QuestionsApplications     National Flood Insurance Program     Hazard Profile Sample for a TornadoWebsitesAvalanchesDam SafetyDroughtEarthquakesFloodingLandslidesSnowTornadoesTsunamisWildfiresReferencesSpatial Analysis; John C. PineObjectivesKey TermsIssueIntroductionDefinition of Spatial AnalysisGeospatial Data SetSpatial Data QualityTypes of Spatial Analysis     QueriesUsing Spatial Analysis to Answer Questions     Transformations     Buffering     Descriptive Summaries     Optimization Techniques     Hypothesis TestingSpatial Data VisualizationChoropleth MapsConclusionsDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsitesReferencesRisk Analysis: Assessing the Risks of Hazards; Kevin L. Shirley and John C. PineObjectivesKey TermsIntroductionProcess of Risk AnalysisWhat Is Risk?     Quantitative Analysis of Risk          Quantitative Analysis of Likelihood          Quantitative Analysis of Consequence     Qualitative Analysis of Risk          Qualitative Analysis of Likelihood          Qualitative Analysis of ConsequenceViews of RiskUsing Historical Data in Determining RiskNeed for Complete Accurate Data for Decision MakingUsing Technical Data in Decision MakingIndicators of Direct and Indirect LossesIssues in Risk Analysis     Changes in Disaster Frequency     Availability of Essential Data     Depth of AnalysisRanking of Risks     Quantitative Data     Likelihood–Consequence Matrix     Risk Strategies     Mandatory Risk Level     Extremely Low Likelihood of Risk     Accept the Risk     Determining Risk Acceptability          Personal          Political/Social          EconomicHazard Models     Uncertainty     Logic Tree     Monte Carlo Method or Simulation     Uncertainty Expressed in Interval EstimatesSummaryDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsitesReferencesSocial, Economic, and Ecological Vulnerability; John C. PineObjectivesKey TermsIntroductionApproaches to VulnerabilityDimensions of Vulnerability     Social and Human Vulnerability     Economic Vulnerability     Environmental VulnerabilityMeasuring Vulnerability     Indicators of Social Conditions     Indicators of Economic Conditions     Indicators of Environmental ConditionsMethodological Issues     Scale of Analysis     Weighting, Data Availability, and Accuracy     Type and Scope of Measures     Interdependence of Social, Economic, and Ecological CapitalDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsitesReferencesRisk Communication; John C. Pine and Stephen L. Guillot, Jr.ObjectivesKey TermsIssueIntroductionRisk CommunicationRisk Communication ProcessBarriers in Risk CommunicationRisk Communication Tools     Communicating Risks with Maps     Use of FiguresSocial MediaTargeting Specific AudiencesRisk Communication MythsManaging RisksDecision MakingCommunity EngagementStakeholders InvolvementEthics and Decision MakingLegal Issues in Decision MakingIndemnificationAcknowledging Risk as a Part of Risk CommunicationLearning as a Part of Risk CommunicationDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsitesReferencesHazards Risk Management Process; Greg ShawObjectivesKey TermsIssueIntroductionTerminologyRisk ManagementHazards Risk Management Framing QuestionsFramework for Hazards Risk ManagementComponents of the Hazards Risk Management Process     Communicate and Consult     Monitor and Review          Step 1: Establish the context          Step 2: Identify the hazards          Step 3: Assess the hazard risk          Step 4: Sort the hazards by risk magnitude          Step 5: Analyze the risks from each hazard          Step 6: Group and prioritize the hazard risks and consider risk management interventionsApplication of the Hazards Risk Management Process     Overview          Step 1: Establish the context          Step 2: Identify the hazards          Step 3: Assess the hazards risk          Step 4: Sort the hazards by risk magnitude          Step 5: Analyze the risks from each hazard          Step 6: Group and prioritize the hazard risks and consider risk management interventionsHazards Risk Management and Comprehensive Emergency ManagementDiscussion QuestionsApplicationsWebsitesReferencesPlanning for Sustainable and Disaster-Resilient Communities; Gavin SmithObjectivesKey TermsIntroductionSustainability, Disaster Resilience Climate Change Adaptation, and Hazard Mitigation PlanningHazard Mitigation Planning Policy FrameworkHazard Mitigation PlanPower of Plan Making: Tools and Process     Planning Process: Building Stakeholder Capacity to Confront HazardsDiscussion QuestionsApplications     You Be the PlannerWebsitesReferencesCreating Disaster-Resilient Communities: A New Natural Hazards Risk Management Framework; Gavin SmithObjectivesKey TermsIntroductionHazard Mitigation PoliciesEmergent National Climate Change Adaptation PolicyNew Natural Hazards Risk Management Policy Framework     Expand Natural Hazards Analysis to Include Sustainable Development and Disaster-Resilient Themes     Use Risk Assessment Findings to Guide Land Use and Scenario-Based Planning That Assesses Current and Future Vulnerability     Assess Hazard Risk Management Policies, Programs, Plans, and Projects as Part of a Larger Effort to Build Local Capacity and Self-Reliance through a Risk Governance Strategy     Balance Incentives and Penalties Affecting Human SettlementPattern Adjustments: A Critical Look at Existing Hazard Mitigation Programs     Assess Losses Avoided and Build Disaster-Resilient Communities in the Age of Climate ChangeRecommendations for Action     Draw Lessons from a National Assessment of Local Hazard Mitigation Plans     Place a Greater Emphasis on Land-Use Decisions and Human Settlement Patterns     Establish a Robust Training and Capacity-Building Approach     Enact Sanctions for Low-Performing States and Communities that Underperform and Provide Benefits to Communities and States that Develop Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plans     Engage Professional Land-Use Planners in the Implementation of the Proposed Natural Hazards Management Framework     Facilitate the Use of Planners as Agents of Social Change and Policy Learning     Include Hazards Analysis in Planning for Climate ChangeSummary and ConclusionsDiscussion QuestionsApplications     You Be the Policy Analyst     You Be the PlannerReferencesIndex