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Contents Contributors Preface : Freedom from Violence for all ChildrenGertrud Lenzer1 General Introduction: Violence against Children: From a Hidden Phenomenon to a Global ConcernMarta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children PART I - General and International Dimensions of Violence against Children 2 Violence against Children: Endemic, Detrimental, PreventableSusan Hillis, James A. Mercy, Howard Kress, Alexander Butchart 3 INSPIRE: Using the Best Evidence to Prevent Violence against ChildrenAlexander Butchart, Susan Hillis, Stephanie Burrows 4 The Global Movement to End All Corporal Punishment of ChildrenJoan E. Durant 5 Confronting Child Exploitation: The Optional Protocols and the Role of Children’s Rights LawJonathan Todres 6 Violence against Children in AfricaSonia Vohito 7 Violence against Children in the Asia Pacific RegionVictor P. Karunan and Neelam Singh 8 Current Perspectives on Violence against Children in EuropeKevin Lalor and Rosaleen McElvaney 9 Violence against Children in Latin America and the CaribbeanSarah Bott, Alessandra C. Guedes, Constanza Hege, Jennifer Adams Mendoza 10 Epigenetic and Multigenerational Impact of AdversityFrances A. Champagne 　 PART II - Violence against Children and the United States 11 Violence against Children in the United StatesJennifer Vanderminden12 The U.S. Department of Justice Defending Childhood Initiative: Advancing the Cause of Children Exposed to ViolencePhelan Wyrick and Dara Blachman-Demner 13 The Problem of Corporal Punishment and the Solution of Positive Parenting in the United StatesGeorge W. Holden and Rose Ashraf 14 The Violence of Child Poverty in the United StatesMarian Wright Edelman 15 The Violence of Child Homelessness in the United StatesPatricia Julianelle and Irene Sauceda 16 The Urgent Need to Disrupt Structural Violence against Children in American Foster CareIra Lustbader and Elissa Glucksman Hyne 17 School to Prison Pipeline in the United StatesRosa K. Hirji 18 Racial and Ethnic Disparities of Children in the United States: Pursuing Equity and Engaging Structural Racism in Youth Serving Systems James Bell 19 Youth Prison as a Form of Violence: An International Human Rights PerspectiveVincent Schiraldi