Warner, Tighe 　著

内容

目次

1. What Is the History of Medicine and Public Health? ESSAYS SusanReverby and David Rosner, Medical Culture and Historical Practice Charles E.Rosenberg, Medicine's Institutional History and Its Policy Implications JamesT. Patterson, Disease in the History of Medicine and Public Health 2.Colonial Beginnings: A New World of Peoples, Disease, and Healing DOCUMENTS1. Le Page du Pratz, a French Observer in Louisiana, Reports on NatchezNation Healing Practices, 1720-1728 2. Cotton Mather, a Boston Minister,Proselytizes for Smallpox Inoculation, 1722 3. William Douglass, BostonPhysician, Decries the Dangerous "Infatuation" with Smallpox Inoculation,1722 4. A Broadside Laments the Death of Fifty-Four in a Hartford Epidemic,1725 5. Zabdiel Boyston of Boston Recounts His Experiences as the FirstPhysician to Inoculate Against Smallpox in the American Colonies, 1726 6. AVirginia Domestic Guide to the Diseases of the American Colonies Makes "EveryMan His Own Doctor," 1734 7. Andrew Blackbird of the Ottawa Nation Records aStory from Indian Oral Tradition About the Decimation of His People bySmallpox in the Early 1760s, 1887 ESSAYS Colin G. Calloway, Indians,Europeans, and the New World of Disease and Healing John B. Blake, SmallpoxInoculation Foments Controversy in Boston 3. The Medical Marketplace in theEarly Republic, 1785-1825 DOCUMENTS 1. George Washington's Physicians NarrateHis Final Illness and Death, 1799 2. Elizabeth Drinker, a PhiladelphiaQuaker, Recounts in Her Diary the Physician-Attended Birth of Her Daughter'sSixth Child, 1799 3. Benjamin Rush Tells His Medical Students at theUniversity of Pennsylvania of the Trials and Rewards of a Medical Career,1803 4. A Medical Apprentice in Rural South Carolina Records Daily Life inHis Diary, 1807 5. James Jackson and John C. Warren, Leading BostonPhysicians, Solicit Support for Founding the Massachusetts General Hospital,1810 6. Walter Channing, a Harvard Medical Professor, Warns of the Dangers ofWomen Practicing Midwifery, 1820 7. A Young Physician Struggles to Get intoPractice in Ohio, 1822 8. Samuel Thomson, Botanic Healer, Decries the RegularMedical Profession as a Murderous Monopoly, 1822 ESSAYS Laurel ThatcherUlrich, The Medical Challenge to Midwifery Lisa Rosner, The PhiladelphiaMedical Marketplace 4. Antebellum Medical Knowledge, Practice, and Patients,1820-1860 DOCUMENTS 1. A New York Medical Student Recounts in His Diary HisEmotional Responses to Surgery, 1828 2. Jacob Bigelow, Harvard MedicalProfessor, Challenges the Physician's Power to Cure, 1835 3. A MedicalApprentice Writes from Rochester About a Cadaver "Resurrected" forDissection, 1841 4. An Eastern-Educated Physician in Indiana Advises OtherEmigrants About the Distinctive Character of Diseases of the West, 1845 5.Reformer Dorothea Dix Calls on Tennessee Legislators to Turn State InsaneAsylum into a "Curative" Hospital, 1847 6. A Yale Medical Student Decries theUse of Anesthesia in Childbirth, 1848 7. Samuel Cartwright, Medical Professorand Racial Theorist, Reports to the Medical Association of Louisiana on the"Diseases and Physical Peculiarities of the Negro Race," 1851 8. A TennesseePhysician Calls for the Cultivation of a Distinctive Southern MedicalLiterature, 1860 ESSAYS Charles E. Rosenberg, Belief and Ritual in AntebellumMedical Therapeutics Martin S. Pernick, Pain, the Calculus of Suffering, andAntebellum Surgery Todd L. Savitt, Race, Human Experimentation, andDissection in the Antebellum South 5. The Healer's Identity in theMid-Nineteenth Century: Character, Care, and Competition, 1830-1875 DOCUMENTS1. A County Medical Society Bemoans the Prevalence of Quackery and PublicOpinion Opposed to Legal Regulation of Medical Practice, 1843 2. Mary GoveNichols, Women's Health Reformer, Explains Why She Became a Water-CurePractitioner, 1849 3. A New York State Doctor Rails to His ProfessionalBrethren Against the Education of Women as Physicians, 1850 4. John Ware,Harvard Medical Professor, Advises What Makes a Good Medical Education, 18505. Domestic Practitioners of Hydropathy in the West Testify to Their Faith inWater Cure, 1854 6. Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell, Pioneer Women Physicians,Extoll the Woman Physician as the "Connecting Link" Between Women's HealthReform and the Medical Profession, 1859 7. Edward H. Clarke, an EminentBoston Physician, Asserts That Biology Blocks the Higher Education of Women,1873 ESSAYS John Harley Warner, Science, Healing, and the Character of thePhysician Regina Markell Morantz-Sanchez, Science, Health Reform, and theWoman Physician 6. The Civil War, Efficiency, and the Sanitary Impulse,1845-1870 DOCUMENTS 1. John Griscom, Physician and Reformer, Reports to theMunicipal Government on the Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population ofNew York, 1845 2. World Traveler Harriet Martineau Advises America on KeepingTroops Healthy During Wartime, 1861 3. Kate Cumming, Alabama NursingVolunteer, Writes in Her Journal About Conditions in the Confederate ArmyHospital Service, 1862 4. Medical Editor Stephen Smith Preaches the Gospel ofSanitary Reform During Wartime, 1863 5. Nursing Volunteer Louisa May AlcottReports to Readers at Home About Her Experiences in the Union Army, 1863 6. AMaine Physician Writes to His Wife About His Experiences in the Union Army,1864 7. Sanitary Reformers Build upon Civil War Precedents to Clean UpPost-War Cities, 1865 ESSAYS Suellen Hoy, American Wives and Mothers Join theCivil War Struggle in a Battle Against Dirt and Disease Bonnie E. Blustein,Linking Science to the Pursuit of Efficiency in the Reformation of the ArmyMedical Corps During the Civil War 7. Reconfiguring "Scientific Medicine,"1865-1900 DOCUMENTS 1. Henry P. Bowditch, a Recent Harvard Medical GraduateStudying in Europe, Finds in Experimental Laboratory Physiology the Path to aNew Scientific Medicine, 1869 2. Clarence Blake, a Young Boston PhysicianStudying in Europe, Finds in Clinical Specialism the Path to a New ScientificMedicine, 1869 3. Roberts Bartholow, Philadelphia Medical Professor,Celebrates Experimental Medicine and the Ongoing Therapeutic Revolution, 18794. Daniel W. Cathell, M.D., Councils Physicians on How to Succeed inBusiness, 1882 5. New York Newspaper Launches Fundraising Campaign for"Miraculous" New Diphtheria Cure, 1894 ESSAYS John Harley Warner,Professional Optimism and Professional Dismay over the Coming of the NewScientific Medicine Bert Hansen, Popular Optimism About the Promise of theNew Scientific Medicine: The Case of Rabies Vaccine 8. The Gospel of Germs:Microbes, Strangers, and Habits of the Home, 1880-1925 DOCUMENTS 1. AProfessor of Hygiene Reports on the Success of Municipal Laws in Battling theAmerican "Spitting Habit," 1900 2. Charles V. Chapin, Public Health Leader,Proclaims a New Relationship Among "Dirt, Disease, and the Health Officer,"1902 3. Terence V. Powderly, Commissioner-General of Immigration, Warns ofthe Menace to the Nation's Health of the New Immigrants, 1902 4. John E.Hunter, African American Physician, Admonishes Antituberculosis Activists toRecognize That Blacks and Whites Must Battle Germs as Their Common Enemy,1905 5. Advertising Health, the National Association for the Prevention andStudy of Tuberculosis Promotes Antituberculosis Billboards, 1910 6. A GeorgiaPhysician Addressing "the Negro Health Problem" Warns That Germs Know NoColor Line, 1914 7. The Modern Health Crusade Mobilizes Children for HealthReform, 1918 8. Popular Health Magazine Hygeia Depicts the Germ as aStereotyped Dangerous Alien Criminal, 1923 ESSAYS Nancy Tomes, Germ Theory,Public Health Education, and the Moralization of Behavior in theAntituberculosis Crusade Alan M. Kraut, Physicians and the New ImmigrationDuring the Progressive Era Guenter B. Risse, Bubonic Plague, Bacteriology,and Anti-Asian Racism in San Francisco, 1900 9. Strategies for ImprovingMedical Care: Institutions, Science, and Standardization, 1870-1940 DOCUMENTS1. Educational Reformer Abraham Flexner Writes a Muckraking Report on MedicalSchools, 1910 2. Black Woman Physician Isabella Vandervall Laments the Racialand Gender Discrimination in the Program for Reforming Medical Education,1917 3. The American College of Surgeons Urges Standards for HospitalEfficiency and Physician Accountability, 1918 4. Reform Committee Led byJosephine Goldmark Probes Nursing Education, 1923 5. Rockefeller FoundationReacts to a Growing Concern That Medical Education Reform Has Worsened DoctorShortages in Rural America, 1924 ESSAYS Ronald L. Numbers, Physicians,Community, and the Qualified Ascent of the American Medical ProfessionKenneth M. Ludmerer, Balancing Educational and Patient Needs in the Creationof the Modern Teaching Hospital Janet A. Tighe, A Lesson in the PoliticalEconomics of Medical Education 10. Expert Advice, Social Authority, and theMedicalization of Everyday Life, 1890-1930 DOCUMENTS 1. Questions Answered ina Leading Popular Journal About the Medical Status of Inebriety, 1911 2. ADoctor Advises Mothers in a Mass-Circulation Women's Journal, 1920 3.Psychiatrist Augusta Scott Proselytizes for Greater Legal Reliance on MedicalAssessments of Mental Health, 1922 4. The United States Army Tests the MentalFitness of Recruits, 1921 5. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell HolmesUpholds State Sterilization Practices, 1924 6. Families Seek Expert Advicefrom the Children's Bureau When Health Questions Arise, 1916-1926 ESSAYS RimaD. Apple, Physicians and Mothers Construct "Scientific Motherhood" ElizabethLunbeck, Psychiatrists, the "Hypersexual Female," and a New MedicalManagement of Morality in the Progressive Era 11. The TechnologicalImperative? Hospitals, Professions, and Patient Expectations, 1890-1950DOCUMENT 1. Physician Charles L. Leonard Extolls the Diagnostic Virtues ofthe New X-Ray Technology, 1897 2. Editor of Leading Medical Journal Urges"Precautionary X-ray Examinations," 1912 3. Journalist William ArmstrongReports to Women About His Investigation of the New Birthing Technology,"Twilight Sleep," 1915 4. Doctor Analyzes Clinical Data to Determine theSafety and Effectiveness of "Twilight Sleep," 1915 5. Advertisement InsistsThat for a Hospital to Refuse to Buy Its "Pulmotor" Is Tantamount toMalpractice, 1919 6. Medical Educator Francis Peabody Cautions Against BlindFaith in the Clinical Authority of the Laboratory, 1922 7. Prominent AfricanAmerican Anatomy Professor Montagu Cobb Questions the Assumptions of aLeading Textbook About the Biology of Race, 1942 ESSAYS Joel D. Howell,Making Machines Clinically Useful in the Modern Hospital Judith WalzerLeavitt, "Twilight Sleep": Technology and the Medicalization of ChildbirthKeith Wailoo, The Power of Genetic Testing in a Conflicted Society 12. TheCulture of Biomedical Research: Human Subjects, Power, and the ScientificMethod, 1920-1965 DOCUMENTS 1. Public Health Service Physicians Publish TheirObservations of Untreated Syphilis in a Population of African American Men inMacon County, Alabama, 1936 2. A Tuskegee Doctor in the Field RequestsResearch Advice from the Public Health Service Office in Washington, D.C.,1939 3. A. N. Richards, Head of the Office of Scientific Research andDevelopment, Updates the Medical Community on Promising Wartime Science, 19434. The Elite of World War II Medical Science Rally Support for a GreaterPublic Investment in Biomedical Research, 1945 5. A Leading ResearchScientist Embraces the Nuremberg Code as a Guide to Ethical Practice in anAge of Human Experimentation, 1953 6. Public Health Service Physicians PraiseThirty Years of Government-Sponsored Human Subject Research in the TuskegeeSyphilis Study, 1964 7. A Private Physician Raises Questions That GoUnanswered About the Morality of the Tuskegee Experiment, 1965 8. APhysician-Historian-Activist Explores the "Legacy of Distrust" Fostered bythe Tuskegee Study, 1993 ESSAYS Harry M. Marks, The Politics and Protocols ofWorld War II Veneral Disease and Pencillin Research Programs Susan E.Lederer, The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment and the Conventions and Practice ofBiomedical Research 13. Public Health and the State During an Age ofBiomedical Miracles, 1925-1960 DOCUMENTS 1. The Metropolitan Life InsuranceCompany Calls Out the Vote for a County Tuberculosis Hospital, c. 1920s 2. AGroup of Private Citizens Organize to Investigate and Reform the AmericanHealth Care System, 1932 3. Texas Congressman Maury Maverick Pleads for aNational Cancer Center, 1937 4. Science Writer Paul deKruif and SurgeonGeneral Thomas Parran Join Forces to Admonish Women About the Dangers ofVenereal Disease, 1937 5. President Truman Confronts Congress About the Needfor a National Health Program, 1947 6. Journalist Bernard Devoto Offers aPublic Tour of the AMA's Annual Meeting and a Glimpse into the Mind of theMedical Profession, 1947 7. The National Foundation for Infantile ParalysisInstructs Parents and Physicians About Human Trials of a New Polio Vaccine,1954 ESSAYS Susan E. Lederer and John Parascandola, Screening Syphilis:Hollywood, the Public Health Service, and the Fight Against Venereal DiseaseAllan Brandt, Polio, Politics, Publicity, and Duplicity: The Salk Vaccine andthe Protection of the Public 14. Rights, Access, and the Bottom Line: HealthPolitics and Health Policy, 1960-2000 DOCUMENTS 1. Medical Editor Warns Aboutthe "New Medical-Industrial Complex," 1980 2. Public Health Advocates Pleadfor AIDS Awareness, 1980s 3. President Clinton Calls for a Health SecurityAct, 1993 4. Journalist Laurie Abraham Captures the Human Drama of Medicare,1993 5. Federal Committee Criticizes Actions of the National CancerInstitute, 1994 6. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop Remembers the "Early Daysof AIDS," 1995 ESSAYS Rosemary Stevens, Medicare and the Transformation ofthe Medical Economy Amy Sue Bix, Breast Cancer and AIDS ActivismRevolutionize Health Politics 15. The Persisting Search for Health andHealing at the End of the Twentieth Century DOCUMENTS 1. Feminists ReclaimWomen's Health Care, 1971 2. A Psychiatrist Integrates Folk and MedicalHealing Practices, 1975 3. Patient Audre Lorde Confronts Breast CancerTreatment, 1980 4. Mexican Immigrant Jesusita Aragon Recounts Her Work as aMidwife, 1980 5. Perri Klass, a Physican and Writer, Ponders the Feminizationof the Medical Profession, 1992 6. Journalist Anne Fadiman Chronicles aCollision of Healing Cultures, 1997 ESSAYS David J. Rothman, The Doctor asStranger: Medicine and Public Distrust Allan M. Brandt, Risk, Behavior, andDisease: Who Is Responsible for Keeping Americans Healthy?