Smith, Edward E., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Fredrickson, B.L., Loftus, G.R. 　著

内容

目次

1. THE NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY. The Scope of Psychology. The HistoricalOrigins of Psychology. Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. HowPsychological Research Is Done. Cutting Edge Research: 21st CenturyPsychology. Seeing Both Sides: Are We Naturally Selfish? 2. BIOLOGICALFOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY. Neurons, the Building Blocks of the NervousSystem. The Organization of the Nervous System. The Endocrine System.Evolution, Genes and Behavior. Cutting Edge Research: Growing a New Brain.Seeing Both Sides: Is Aggressive Behavior Biologically or EnvironmentallyBased? 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT. Nature and Nurture. Stages ofDevelopment. Capacities of the Newborn. Cognitive Development in Childhood.Personality and Social Development. Adolescent Development. Cutting EdgeResearch: Massage Therapy for At-Risk Babies. Seeing Both Sides: HowInstrumental Are Parents in the Development of Their Children? 4. SENSORYPROCESSES. Characteristics of Sensory Modalities. Vision. Hearing. OtherSenses. Cutting Edge Research: Artificial Ears and Eyes. Seeing Both Sides:Should Opioids Be Used for Treating Chronic Pain? 5. PERCEPTION. What Is theUse of Perception? Attention. Localization. Recognition. Abstraction.Perceptual Constancies. The Neural Basis of Behavior: Division of Labor inthe Brain. Perceptual Development. Cutting Edge Research: Distraction ViaVirtual Reality Diminishes Severe Pain. Seeing Both Sides: Is PerceptualDevelopment an Innate or Socially Acquired Process? 6. CONSCIOUSNESS. Aspectsof Consciousness. Sleep and Dreams. Meditation. Hypnosis. Psychoactive Drugs.Psi Phenomena Cutting Edge Research: Finding the Gene for Smoking. SeeingBoth Sides: Psi Phenomena. 7. LEARNING AND CONDITIONING. Perspectives onLearning. Classical Conditioning. Operant Conditioning. Complex Learning. TheNeural Basis of Behavior: Learning and Conditioning. Cutting Edge Research:Building a Smarter Brain. Seeing Both Sides: Is a Predisposition to PhobiasPrimarily Innate, or Are Phobias a Conditioned Response? 8. MEMORY. ThreeImportant Distinctions. Sensory Memory. Working Memory. Long-Term Memory.Implicit Memory. Constructive Memory. Improving Memory. Cutting EdgeResearch: An Herbal Remedy for Memory Loss? Seeing Both Sides: Are RepressedMemories Valid? 9. LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT. Language and Communication. TheDevelopment of Language. Concepts and Categorization: The Building Blocks ofThought. Reasoning. Imaginal Thought. Thought in Action: Problem Solving.Cutting Edge Research: Decision Making and the Brain. Seeing Both Sides: DoesLanguage Direct Thought or Does Thought Direct Language? 10. MOTIVATION.Reward and Incentive Motivation. Homeostasis and Drives. Hunger. Gender andSexuality. Cutting Edge Research: Imprinting. Seeing Both Sides: Is SexualOrientation Innate of Socially Determined? 11. EMOTION. Components ofEmotion. Cognitive Appraisal and Emotion. Subjective Experiences and Emotion.Bodily Changes and Emotion. Facial Expression and Emotion. Responses toEmotion: Emotion Regulation. Emotions, Gender, and Culture. Aggression.Cutting Edge Research: Benefits of Positive Emotions. Contemporary Voices inPsychology: How Has Nature Shaped Emotions? 12. INTELLIGENCE. Assessment ofIntelligence. Contemporary Theories of Intelligence. Cutting Edge Research:Emotional Intelligence. Seeing Both Sides: Do Intelligence Tests AccuratelyReflect Aptitude? 13. PERSONALITY. The Psychoanalytic Approach. TheBehaviorist Approach. The Cognitive Approach. The Humanistic Approach. TheEvolutionary Approach. Cutting Edge Research: Can You Change Your Personalitywith a Pill? Seeing Both Sides: Is Freud Still Alive? 14. STRESS, HEALTH ANDCOPING. Characteristics of Stressful Events. Psychological Reactions toStress. Physiological Reactions to Stress. Psychological Factors and StressResponses. Coping Skills. Managing Stress. Cutting Edge Research: Is ReligionGood for Your Health? Seeing Both Sides: Are Optimistic Illusions Good forYour Health? 15. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS. Defining Abnormality. AnxietyDisorders. Mood Disorders. Schizophrenia. Personality Disorders. DissociativeIdentity Disorder. Insanity as a Legal Defense. Cutting Edge Research: TheBiology of Suicide. Seeing Both Sides: Is Attention Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder (ADHD) Overdiagnosed? 16. TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS.Historical Background. Techniques of Psychotherapy. The Effectiveness ofPsychotherapy. Biological Therapies. Effects of Culture and Gender onTherapy. Enhancing Mental Health. Cutting Edge Research: Herbal Treatmentsfor Mental Disorders. Seeing Both Sides: Is Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) anEffective Intervention for Alcohol Abuse? 17. SOCIAL INFLUENCE. The Presenceof Others. Compliance and Obedience. Internalization. Group Interactions.Social Psychological Views of the Seemingly Inexplicable. Cutting EdgeResearch: Pluralistic Ignorance and College Drinking. Seeing Both Sides: Arethe Effects of Affirmative Action Positive or Negative? 18. SOCIAL COGNITION.Impression Formation. Attitudes. Interpersonal Attraction. Recap: A Tale ofTwo Modes of Social Cognition. Cutting Edge Research: Culture and Cognition.Seeing Both Sides: Are the Origins of Gender Differences in Mate SelectionPrimarily Due to Evolution or Social Learning?