Gardner, Gerald T., Stern Paul C. 　著

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目次

Preface. I. Introduction. 1. The Earths Environmental Problems and theRole of Human Behavior. Chapter Prologue. Introduction. Box 1-1: A New,Unanticipated Environmental Threat - Focus of This Book: The BehavioralDimensions - Format and Organization of This Book - More on the Role ofIndividual Behavior. More on Global Environmental Problems. TheGreenhouse Effect - Ozone Layer Damage - Destruction of TropicalForests and the Loss of Genetic Diversity - Destruction of EcologicalCapital - Driving Forces that Underlie Environmental Problems - Box1-2: More on Momentum in Growth Processes. Reasons for GuardedOptimism. II. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AS 'TRAGEDIES OF THE COMMONS' -BEHAVIORAL SOLUTION STRATEGIES. 2. Environmental Problems asTragedies-of-the-Commons. Chapter Prologue. Introduction. IntellectualRoots of the Tragedy of the Commons Concept. Four Solution Approaches -Government Laws, Regulations, and Incentives - Education -Small-Group/Community Management - Highlight Box 2-1: How Tragedy WasAverted on the English Agricultural Commons - Moral, Religious, and/orEthical Appeals - Which of the Four Solution Approaches to Use?Champions of the Different Approaches. The Four Solution Approaches:Strategy for the Next Five Chapters. Chapter Epilogue. 3. Religious andMoral Approaches: Changing Values, Beliefs, and World-Views. Prologue.Introduction. Do Values, Morals, Beliefs, Religious Teachings andPractices Affect How Individuals and Cultures Treat Their Environment?Survey Research in a Single Country (the U.S.) - Historical andInter-Cultural Evidence. Proenvironmental Religious/MoralMovements-Current Developments and Possible Future Trends. Ecotheology- Thomas Berrys Work - Deep Ecology - Ecofeminism. Common Threads inReligious/Morally-Based Environmental Movements. Shared EcologicalWorld-View - Shared 'Ecocentric' Values - Plan for the Rest of theChapter. Issue One: Are Environmental Values and Beliefs Changing?Strong Public Support for Environmental Protection - Emerging Supportfor the Ecological World-View - A Direct Search for Ecocentric PublicValues - The Emergence of 'Post-Materialist' Values. Issue Two: WillChanges in Values and Beliefs Persist? Issue Three: How Do Values andBeliefs Influence Peoples Actions? A Closer Look at How Values (andBeliefs about the Consequences of Environmental Problems) InfluenceActions - Factors that can Limit the Effect of Value Changes.Conclusion. 4. Educational Interventions: Changing Attitudes andProviding Information. Chapter Prologue. Introduction. Education toChange Environmental Attitudes and Beliefs. Box 4-1: Attitudes vs.Barriers to Action: Energy Conservation in Massachusetts, 1980. Effortsto Change Behavior with Information. Information, Plain and Simple -Better Ways to Provide Information. Tightening the Links from Attitudesto Behavior. When Does Information Work? Summary and Conclusion: WhatCan Education Accomplish? 5. Changing the Incentives. Chapter Prologue.Th