内容

目次

1 / The Classification of Names in a System of Logic.- 1.1 Names.- 1.2 The distinction between individual and general names.- 1.3 Abstract and concrete names.- 1.4 Connotative versus non-connotative names.- 1.5 The remaining distinctions of names.- 2 / Themes from the History of Logic.- 2.1 Mill’s familiarity with the older logic.- 2.2 Some classifications of terms.- 2.3 The Manuductio ad Logicam of Philippus du Trieu.- 2.4 The ontological square.- 2.5 Paronymy.- 2.6 Connotative and absolute terms in scholastic logic.- 2.7 The identity of thing and essence.- 3 / Thinking in Intension and Extension.- 3.1 Abstraction and generalization in English empiricism.- 3.2 The Port-Royal logic.- 3.3 Extension—intension (comprehension), and denotation—connotation.- 3.4 Extension.- 3.5 Intension.- 3.6 Formal characterization of the diverse notions of extension and intension.- 3.7 The inverse relation between intension and extension.- 3.8 A problematical presupposition in the analysis of intensions.- 4 / From Predicables to Real Kinds.- 4.1 The incipience of the theory of denotation and connotation in ‘Whately’s Elements of Logic’.- 4.2 Predicating and signifying in Whately.- 4.3 The theory of the predicables in ‘Whately’s Elements of Logic’.- 4.4 The revised version of the predicables in ‘The Early Draft of the Logic’.- 4.5 Real kinds.- 4.6 Abstract terms.- 4.7 James Mill’s Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind.- 4.8 Connotation revisited.- 5 / Theories of the Copula.- 5.1 Views of the copula.- 5.2 The semantic scheme for terms.- 5.3 Some illustrations.- 5.4 Limitations of the diverse theories.- 5.5 The copula as identity.- 5.6 Syntactic and semantic analysis of Hobbes’s theory of predication.- 6 / The Semantics of Propositions.- 6.1 Ambiguity of the copula.- 6.2 The analysis of S-P propositions as meaning analysis.- 6.3 Dictum de omni and nota notae est nota rei ipsius.- 6.4 The connotation of a term as constitutive for its denotation.- 6.5 The syllogism a petitio principii?.- 6.6 The status of deduction.- 6.7 Abstract propositions.- 6.8 Existential import.- 6.9 Real and verbal propositions.- 6.10 Definitions.- 6.11 Resistance to the logic of identity.- 7 / Meaning.- 7.1 Some interpretations of Mill’s theory of meaning.- 7.2 Meaning and the distinction between connotative and non-connotative terms.- 7.3 Meaning and ideas.- 7.4 Proper names.- 7.5 Philosophical language.- 8 / Semantics and Metaphysics.- 8.1 “Common sense” ontology.- 8.2 Relativity of knowledge.- 8.3 Ontology.- 8.4 Resemblance: epistemological aspects of the problem of universals.- 8.5 Logic and metaphysics.- 9 / Appraisal.- 9.1 Connotative terms and the deformation of the ontological square.- 9.2 The legacy of the past: terms.- 9.3 Signs of a new logical paradigm: propositions.- 9.4 Names, propositions, and facts.- 9.5 Meaning, fixing the reference, and rigid designators.- Appendix 1 / Some biographical notes.- Appendix 2 / Du Trieu’s doctrine of supposition.- Appendix 3 / Predication and supposition.- List of symbols and abbreviations of technical terms.- Notes.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.