Husserl, Edmund 　著

内容

目次

One Essence and Eidetic Cognition.- One Matter of Fact and Essence.- § 1. Natural Cognition and Experience.- § 2. Matter of Fact. Inseparability of Matter of Fact and Essence.- § 3. Eidetic Seeing and Intuition of Something Individual.- § 4. Eidetic Seeing and Phantasy. Eidetic Cognition Independent of All Cognition of Matters of Fact.- § 5. Judgments About Essences and Judgments Having Eidetic Universal Validity.- § 6. Some Fundamental Concepts. Universality and Necessity.- § 7. Sciences of Matters of Fact and Eidetic Sciences.- § 8. Relationships of Dependence Between Science of Matters of Fact and Eidetic Science.- § 9. Region and Regional Eidetics.- § 10. Region and Category. The Analytic Region and Its Categories.- § 11. Syntactical Objectivities and Ultimate Substrates. Syntactical Categories.- § 12. Genus and Species.- § 13. Generalization and Formalization.- § 14. Substrate-Categories. The Substrate-Essence and the Todi Ti.- § 15. Selfsufficient and Non-selfsufficient Objects. Concretum and Individuum.- § 16. Region and Category in the Materially Filled Sphere. Synthetical Cognitions A Priori.- § 17. Conclusion of Our Logical Considerations.- Two Naturalistic Misinterpretations.- § 18. Introduction to the Critical Discussions.- § 19. The Empiricistic Identification of Experience and the Originarily Presentive Act.- § 20. Empiricism as Skepticism.- § 21. Obscurities on the Idealistic Side.- § 22. The Reproach of Platonic Realism. Essence and Concept.- § 23. The Spontaneity of Ideation. Essence and Fictum.- § 24. The Principle of All Principles.- § 25. In Praxis: The Positivist as Scientific Investigator of Nature. In Reflection: The Scientific Investigator as Positivist.- § 26. Sciences of the Dogmatic and Sciences of the Philosophical Attitude.- Two The Considerations Fundamental to Phenomenology.- One The Positing Which Belongs to the Natural Attitude and Its Exclusion.- § 27. The world of the Natural Attitude: I and My Surrounding World.- § 28. The Cogito. My Natural Surrounding World and the Ideal Surrounding Worlds.- § 29. The “Other” Ego-Subjects and the Intersubjective Natural Surrounding World.- § 30. The General Positing Which Characterizes the Natural Attitude.- § 31. Radical Alteration of the Natural Positing. “Excluding,” “Parenthesizing.”.- § 32. The Phenomenological ?????.- Two Consciousness and Natural Actuality.- § 33. Preliminary Indication of “Pure” or “Transcendental” Consciousness As the Phenomenological Residuum.- § 34. The Essence of Consciousness as Theme.- § 35. The Cogito as “Act.” Non-actionality Modification.- § 36. Intentive Mental Processes. Mental Process Taken Universally.- § 37. The Pure Ego’s “Directedness-to” Within the Cogito and the Heeding Which Seizes Upon.- § 38. Reflections on Acts. Perception of Something Immanent and of Something Transcendent.- § 39. Consciousness and Natural Actuality. The “Naive” Human Being’s Conception.- § 40. “Primary” and “Secondary” Qualities. The Physical Thing Given “In Person” a “Mere Appearance” of the “True Physical Thing” Determined in Physics.- § 41. The Really Inherent Composition of Perception and Its Transcendent Object.- § 42. Being as Consciousness and Being as Reality. Essentially Necessary Difference Between the Modes of Intuition.- § 43. The Clarification of a Fundamental Error.- § 44. Merely Phenomenal Being of Something Transcendent, Absolute Being of Something Immanent.- § 45. Unperceived Mental Processes, Unperceived Reality.- § 46. Indubitability of the Perception of Something Immanent, Dubitability of the Perception of Something Transcendent.- Three The Region of Pure Consciousness.- § 47. The Natural World as a Correlate of Consciousness.- § 48. The Logical Possibility and the Material Countersense of a World Outside Ours.- § 49. Absolute Consciousness as the Residuum After the Annihilation of the World.- § 50. The Phenomenological Attitude; Pure Consciousness as the Field of Phenomenology.- § 51. The Signification of the Transcendental Preliminary Considerations.- § 52. Supplementations. The Physical Thing as Determined by Physics and the “Unknown Cause of Appearance.”.- § 53. Animalia and Psychological Consciousness.- § 54. Continuation. The Transcendent Psychological Mental Process Accidental and Relative; the Transcendental Mental Process Necessary and Absolute.- § 55. Conclusion. All Reality Existent by Virtue of “Sense-bestowal.” Not a “Subjective Idealism.”.- Four The Phenomenological Reductions.- § 56. The Question About the Range of the Phenomenological Reduction. Natural and Cultural Sciences.- § 57. The Question of the Exclusion of the Pure Ego.- § 58. The Transcendency, God, Excluded.- § 59. The Transcendency of the Eidetic. Exclusion of Pure Logic as Mathesis Universalis.- § 60. The Exclusion of Material-Eidetic Disciplines.- § 61. The Methodological Signification of the Systematic Theory of Phenomenological Reductions.- § 62. Epistemological Anticipations. The “Dogmatic” and the Phenomenological Attitude.- Three Methods and Problems of Pure Phenomenology.- One Preliminary Methodic Deliberations.- § 63. The Particular Significance of Methodic Deliberations for Phenomenology.- § 64. The Phenomenologist’s Self-Exclusion.- § 65. The Reflexive Reference of Phenomenology to Itself.- § 66. Faithful Expression of Clear Data. Unambiguous Terms.- § 67. The Method of Clarification, “Nearness of Givenness” and “Remoteness of Givenness.”.- § 68. Genuine and Spurious Degrees of Clarity. The Essence of Normal Clarification.- § 69. The Method of Perfectly Clear Seizing Upon Essences.- § 70. The Role of Perception in the Method of Eidetic Clarification. The Primacy of Free Phantasy.- § 71. The Problem of the Possibility of a Descriptive Eidetics of Mental Processes.- § 72. Eidetic Sciences: Concrete, Abstract, “Mathematical.”.- § 73. Application to the Problem of Phenomenology. Description and Exact Determination.- § 74. Descriptive and Exact Sciences.- § 75. Phenomenology as a Descriptive Eidetic Doctrine of Pure Mental Processes.- Two Universal Structures of Pure Consciousness.- § 76. The Theme of the Following Investigations.- § 77. Reflection as a Fundamental Peculiarity of the Sphere of Mental Processes. Studies in Reflection.- § 78. The Phenomenological Study of Reflections on Mental Processes.- § 79. Critical Excursis. Phenomenology and the Difficulties of “Self-Observation.”.- § 80. The Relationship of Mental Processes to the Pure Ego.- § 81. Phenomenological Time and Consciousness of Time.- § 82. Continuation. The Three-fold Horizon of Mental Processes As At The Same Time the Horizon of Reflection On Mental Processes.- § 83. Seizing Upon the Unitary Stream of Mental Processes as “Idea.”.- § 84. Intentionality as Principal Theme of Phenomenology.- § 85. Sensuous ???, Intentive ?????.- § 86. The Functional Problems.- Three Noesis and Noema.- § 87. Preliminary Remarks.- § 88. Really Inherent and Intentive Components of Mental Processes. The Noema.- § 89. Noematic Statements and Statements About Actuality. The Noema in the Psychological Sphere.- § 90. The “Noematic Sense” and the Distinction Between “Immanental” and “Actual Objects.”.- § 91. Extension to the Widest Sphere of Intentionality.- § 92. The Noetic and Noematic Aspects of Attentional Changes.- § 93. Transition to the Noetic-Noematic Structures of the Higher Spheres of Consciousness.- § 94. Noesis and Noema in the Realm of Judgment.- § 95. The Analogous Distinctions in the Emotional and Volitional Spheres.- § 96. Transition to Further Chapters. Concluding Remarks.- Four The Set of Problems Pertaining to Noetic-Noematic Structures.- § 97. The Hyletic and Noetic Moments as Really Inherent Moments, the Noematic Moments as Really Non-Inherent Moments, of Mental Processes.- § 98. The Mode of Being of the Noema. Theory of Forms of Noeses. Theory of Forms of Noemata.- § 99. The Noematic Core and Its Characteristics in the Sphere of Original Presentations and Presentiations.- § 100. Eidetically Lawful Hierarchical Formations of Objectivations in the Noesis and Noema.- § 101. Characteristics of Levels. Different Sorts of “Reflections.”.- § 102. Transition to New Dimensions of Characterizations.- § 103. Belief-characteristics and Being-characteristics.- § 104. The Doxic Modalities as Modifications.- § 105. Belief-Modality as Belief, Being-Modality as Being.- § 106. Affirmation and Denial Along With Their Noematic Correlations.- § 107 Reiterated Modifications.- § 108. Noematic Characteristics Not Determinations Produced by “Reflection.”.- § 109. The Neutrality Modification.- § 110. Neutralized Consciousness and Legitimation of Reason. Assuming.- § 111. The Neutrality Modification and Phantasy.- § 112. Reiterability of the Phantasy Modification. Non-Reiterability of the Neutrality Modification.- § 113. Actual and Potential Positings.- § 114. Further Concerning the Potentiality of Positing and Neutrality Modification.- § 115. Applications. The Broadened Concept of an Act. Effectings of an Act. Arousals of an Act.- § 116. Transition to New Analyses. The Founded Noeses and Their Noematic Correlates.- § 117. The Founded Positings and the Conclusion of the Doctrine of Neutrality Modifications. The Universal Concept of Positing.- § 118. Syntheses of Consciousness. Syntactical Forms.- § 119. The Transmutation of Polythetical and Monothetical Acts.- § 120. Positionality and Neutrality in the Sphere of Syntheses.- § 121. Doxic Syntaxes in the Emotional and Volitional Spheres.- § 122. Modes of Effectuation of the Articulated Syntheses. “Theme.”.- § 123. Confusion and Distinctness as Modes of Effectuation of Synthetical Acts.- § 124. The Noetic-Noematic Stratum of “Logos.” Signifying and Signification.- § 125. The Modalities of Effectuation in the Logical-Expressive Sphere and the Method of Clarification.- § 126. Completeness and Universality of Expression.- § 127. The Expression of Judgments and the Expression of Emotional Noemas.- Four Reason and Actuality.- One The Noematic Sense and the Relation to the Object.- § 128. Introduction.- § 129. “Content” and “Object;” the Content as “Sense.”.- § 130. Delimitation of the Essence, “Noematic Sense.”.- § 131. The “Object,” the “Determinable X in the Noematic Sense.”.- § 132. The Core As a Sense in the Mode Belonging to its Fullness.- § 133. The Noematic Positum. Posited and Synthetic Posita. Posita in the Realm of Objectivations.- § 134. The Doctine of Apophantic Forms.- § 135. Object and Consciousness. The Transition to the Phenomenology of Reason.- Two Phenomenology of Reason.- § 136. The First Fundamental Form of Rational Consciousness: Originarily Presentive “Seeing.”.- § 137. Evidence and Intellectual Sight. “Ordinary” and “Pure” Evidence, Assertoric and Apodictic Evidence.- § 138. Adequate and Inadequate Evidence.- § 139. The Interweaving of All Kinds of Reason. Theoretical, Axiological and Practical Truth.- § 140. Confirmation. Justification Without Evidence. Equivalence of Positional and Neutral Intellectual Sight.- § 141. Immediate and Mediate Rational Positing. Mediate Evidence.- § 142. Rational Positing and Being.- § 143. Adequate Physical Thing-Givenness as Idea in the Kantian Sense.- § 144. Actuality and Originary Presentive Consciousness: Concluding Determinations.- § 145. Critical Considerations Concerning the Phenomenology of Evidence.- Three The Levels of Universality Pertaining to The Problems of the Theory of Reason.- § 146. The Most Universal Problems.- § 147. Ramifications of the Problem. Formal Logic, Axiology and Theory of Practice.- § 148. Problems of the Theory of Reason Pertaining to Formal Ontology.- § 149. The Problems of the Theory of Reason Pertaining to Regional Ontologies. The Problem of Phenomenological Constitution.- § 150. Continuation. The Region, Physical Thing, As Transcendental Clue.- § 151. The Strata of the Transcendental Constitution of the Physical Thing Supplementations.- § 152. Extension of the Problem of Transcendental Constitution to Other Regions.- § 153. The Full Extension of the Transcendental Problem The Articulation of the Investigations.- Index to Proper Names.- Analytic Subject Index.