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Speech Analysis Synthesis and Perception 2nd ed.(Communication and Cybernetics Vol.3) H XI, 444 pp. 72

Flanagan, James L. 　著

絶版
価格 \22,639（税込）

発行年月	1972年04月
出版社／提供元	Springer-Verlag GmbH
出版国	ドイツ
言語	英語
媒体	冊子
装丁	hardcover
ページ数／巻数	XI, 444 pp.
ジャンル	洋書
ISBN	9783540055617
商品コード	0208502846
商品URL	https://kw.maruzen.co.jp/ims/itemDetail.html?itmCd=0208502846

内容

The first edition of this book has enjoyed a gratifying existence. 1s sued in 1965, it found its intended place as a research reference and as a graduate-Ievel text. Research laboratories and universities reported broad use. Published reviews-some twenty-five in number-were universally kind. Subsequently the book was translated and published in Russian (Svyaz; Moscow, 1968) and Spanish (Gredos, S.A.; Madrid, 1972). Copies of the first edition have been exhausted for several years, but demand for the material continues. At the behest of the publisher, and with the encouragement of numerous colleagues, a second edition was begun in 1970. The aim was to retain the original format, but to expand the content, especially in the areas of digital communications and com puter techniques for speech signal processing. As before, the intended audience is the graduate-Ievel engineer and physicist, but the psycho physicist, phonetician, speech scientist and linguist should find material of interest.

I. Voice Communication.- 1.1. The Advent of Telephony.- 1.2. Efficient Transmission of Speech.- 1.3. Capacity of the Human Channel.- 1.4. Analysis-Synthesis Telephony: An Approach to Improved Efficiency.- II. The Mechanism of Speech Production.- 2.1. Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus.- 2.2. The Sounds of Speech.- 2.21. Vowels.- 2.22. Consonants.- 2.221. Fricative Consonants.- 2.222. Stop Consonants.- 2.223. Nasal Consonants.- 2.224. Glides and Semivowels.- 2.225. Combination Sounds: Diphthongs and Affricates.- 2.3. Quantitative Description of Speech.- III. Acoustical Properties of the Vocal System.- 3.1. The Vocal Tract as an Acoustic System.- 3.2. Equivalent Circuit for the Lossy Cylindrical Pipe.- 3.21. The Acoustic “L”.- 3.22. The Acoustic “R”.- 3.23. The Acoustic “C”.- 3.24. The Acoustic “G”.- 3 25 Summary of the Analogous Acoustic Elements.- 3.3. The Radiation Load at the Mouth and Nostrils.- 3.4. Spreading of Sound About the Head.- 3.5. The Source for Voiced Sounds.- 3.51. Glottal Excitation.- 3.52. Glottal Impedance.- 3.53. Small-Signal Equivalent Source for the Glottis.- 3.6. The Source for Noise and Transient Excitation of the Tract.- 3.7. Some Characteristics of Vocal Tract Transmission.- 3.71. Effect of Radiation Load upon Mode Pattern.- 3.72. Effect of Glottal Impedance upon Mode Pattern.- 3.73. Effect of Cavity Wall Vibration.- 3.74. Two-Tube Approximation of the Vocal Tract.- 3.75. Excitation by Source Forward in Tract.- 3.76. Effects of the Nasal Tract.- 3.77. Four-Tube, Three-Parameter Approximation of Vowel Production.- 3.78. Multitube Approximations and Electrical Analogs of the Vocal Tract.- 3.8. Fundamentals of Speech and Hearing in Analysis-Synthesis Telephony.- IV. The Ear and Hearing.- 4.1. Mechanism of the Ear.- 4.11. The Outer Ear.- 4.12. The Middle Ear.- 4.13. The Inner Ear.- 4.14. Mechanical-to-Neural Transduction.- 4.15. Neural Pathways in the Auditory System.- 4.2. Computational Models for Ear Function.- 4.21. Basilar Membrane Model.- 4.22. Middle Ear Transmission.- 4.23. Combined Response of Middle Ear and Basilar Membrane.- 4.24. An Electrical Circuit for Simulating Basilar Membrane Displacement.- 4.25. Computer Simulation of Membrane Motion.- 4.26. Transmission Line Analogs of the Cochlea.- 4.3. Illustrative Relations between Subjective and Physiological Behavior.- 4.31. Pitch Perception.- 4.32. Binaural Lateralization.- 4.33. Threshold Sensitivity.- 4.34. Auditory Processing of Complex Signals.- V. Techniques for Speech Analysis.- 5.1. Spectral Analysis of Speech.- 5.11. Short-Time Frequency Analysis.- 5.12. Measurement of Short-Time Spectra.- 5.13. Choice of the Weighting Function, h(t).- 5.14. The Sound Spectrograph.- 5.15. Short-Time Correlation Functions and Power Spectra.- 5.16. Average Power Spectra.- 5.17. Measurement of Average Power Spectra for Speech.- 5.2. Formant Analysis of Speech.- 5.21. Formant-Frequency Extraction.- 5.211. Axis-Crossing Measures of Formant Frequency.- 5.212. Spectral Moments.- 5.213. Spectrum Scanning and Peak-Picking Methods.- 5.214. Digital Computer Methods for Formant Extraction.- 5.22. Measurement of Formant Bandwidth.- 5.3. Analysis of Voice Pitch.- 5.4. Articulatory Analysis of the Vocal Mechanism.- 5.5. Automatic Recognition of Speech.- 5.6. Automatic Recognition and Verification of Speakers.- VI. Speech Synthesis.- 6.1. Mechanical Speaking Machines; Historical Efforts.- 6.2. Electrical Methods for Speech Synthesis.- 6.21. Spectrum Reconstruction Techniques.- 6.22. “Terminal Analog” Synthesizers.- 6.221. Terminal Properties of the Vocal Tract.- 6.222. Cascade Type Synthesizers.- 6.223. Parallel Synthesizers.- 6.23. Transmission-Line Analogs of the Vocal System.- 6.24. Excitation of Electrical Synthesizers.- 6.241. Simulation of the Glottal Wave.- 6.242. Simulation of Unvoiced Excitation.- 6.243. Models for Sound Generation in the Vocal Tract.- 6.25. Vocal Radiation Factors.- 6.26. Speech Synthesis by Computer Simulation.- 6.261. Digital Techniques for Formant Synthesis.- 6.262. Digital Techniques for Vocal Tract Simulation.- VII. Perception of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds.- 7.1, Differential vs. Absolute Discrimination.- 7.2. Differential Discriminations Along Signal Dimensions Related to Speech.- 7.21. Limens for Vowel Formant Frequencies.- 7.22. Limens for Formant Amplitude.- 7.23. Limens for Formant Bandwidth.- 7.24. Limens for Fundamental Frequency.- 7.25. Limens for Excitation Intensity.- 7.26. Limens for Glottal Zeros.- 7.27. Discriminability of Maxima and Minima in a Noise Spectrum.- 7.28. Other Close-Comparison Measures Related to Speech.- 7.29. Differential Discriminations in the Articulatory Domain.- 7.3. Absolute Discrimination of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds.- 7.31. Absolute Identification of Phonemes.- 7.32. Absolute Identification of Syllables.- 7.33. Effects of Learning and Linguistic Association in Absolute Identification of Speech-Like Signals.- 7.34. Influence of Linguistic Association upon Differential Discriminability.- 7.4. Effects of Context and Vocabulary upon Speech Perception.- 7.5. The Perceptual Units of Speech.- 7.51. Models of Speech Perception.- 7.6. Subjective Evaluation of Transmission Systems.- 7.61. Articulation Tests.- 7.62. Quality Tests.- 7.7. Calculating Intelligibility Scores from System Response and Noise Level: The Articulation Index.- 7.8. Supplementary Sensory Channels for Speech Perception.- 7.81. Visible Speech Translator.- 7.82. Tactile Vocoder.- 7.83. Low Frequency Vocoder.- VIII. Systems for Analysis-Synthesis Telephony.- 8.1. Channel Vocoders.- 8.11. Design Variations in Channel Vocoders.- 8.12. Multiplexing Channel Vocoders.- 8.121. Frequency-Space Multiplexing.- 8.122. Time-Division Multiplexing.- 8.123. Digital Transmission of Vocoder Signals.- 8.13. Vocoder Performance.- 8.2. Reduced Redundancy Channel Vocoders.- 8.21. “Peak-Picker”.- 8.22. Linear Transformation of Channel Signals.- 8.23. Pattern-Matching Vocoders.- 8.3. Voice-Excited Vocoders.- 8.31. Multiplexing and Digitalization.- 8.4. Correlation Vocoders.- 8.5. Formant Vocoders.- 8.51. Multiplexing and Digitalization of Formant Vocoders.- 8.52. Voice-Excited Formant Vocoders.- 8.6. Orthogonal Function Vocoders.- 8.61. Expansion of the Speech Waveform.- 8.62. Expansion of the Short-Time Amplitude Spectrum.- 8.63. Expansion of the Short-Time Autocorrelation Function.- 8.7. Homomorphic Vocoders.- 8.8. Maximum Likelihood Vocoders.- 8.9. Linear Prediction Vocoders.- 8.10. Articulatory Vocoders.- 8.11. Frequency-Dividing Vocoders.- 8.111. Vobanc.- 8.112. Analytic Rooter.- 8.113. Harmonic Compressor.- 8.114. Phase Vocoder.- 8.12. Time-Assignment Transmission of Speech.- 8.13. Predictive Coding of Speech.- 8.131. Predictive Quantizing; Differential Pulse Code Modulation.- 8.132. Adaptive Predictive Coding.- 8.14. Delta Modulation.- References.- Author Index.