Like most branches of science, mathematics is also the history of paradoxes. It is natural, therefore, that the mathematics of random phenomena has revealed many interesting paradoxes. Most monographs on probability theory and mathematical statistics, contain only a few classical paradoxes. This book, however, presents a more complete collection, including some which have not been published before, and shows how the mathematical methods or random phenomena have developed from such paradoxes. The book alsoprovides a summary of historical and philosophical backgrounds. The study and understanding of paradoxes leads to better intuition, particularly in the area of probability, and this volume will be of interest to those involved in the study of random events.