Rainey, R.C. 　著

内容

目次

Part 1 The desert locust - prototype migrant: locust control andmigration - the background; locust migration - facts and mechanisms;biology and behaviour of the desert locust in relation to migration;displacements of discrete locust populations; locust migration, windsand weather on the intercontinental scale - the desert locust andsynoptic meteorology; locust numbers - the evidence and the problem ofcontrol; the assessment of locust numbers and of control operations;locusts at a low ebb - continuity of recession populations; swarmingand solitary phases; outline of a recession - treatment of data; -findings; experience of recession forecasting; current status of thePhase Theory. Part 2 Flight and migration in other major pests;armyworms - larvae of formidably migrant moths; sample of the armywormproblem - Sierra Leone 1979; trans-equatorial sequences of armywormattack; analogies with locusts; establishing the timing and spacing ofinfestations in relation to the distribution of the moths; forecastingin East Africa; infestations - incursions of westerly winds and otherearly evidence; moth flight - from circumstantial evidence to radarobservations and marking/capture; possible antecedents of armywormattacks in West Africa - squall-line studies for WHO/ONCHO and otherclues; armyworm control - current approaches and some futurepossibilities; spruce budworm - major forest problem of North America;the background - problems of the economy and the environment; budwormmoth flight - observations by radar and aircraft. Part 3 Management ofmigrant pests - prospects and options, some suggestions: problems ofthe desert locust and other locusts of Africa; African armyworm -prospects and options; spruce budworm - prospects and options; majormigrant pests in China - possible new options for monitoring andcontrol; migrant pests and "nuclear winter". Part 4 Ecology andevolution of insect flight and migration - some implications fromfindings on migrant pests; survival value of systems of downwindredistribution; migration - a single strategy implemented by a range ofalternative tactics; evolution of insect flight; migration withoutnavigation; navigation in static populations - the honey-bee.Appendices Further notes on applications of meteorology ininvestigations of airbourne migration: 1 - some points ofmeteorological observation and analysis, surface and upper air; 2 -problems of observation and interpretation of field/phenomena - someanalogies from meteorological procedures; 3 - hour-to-hour movements ofindividual swarms in relation to wind.