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Contents: Introduction; Part I: On the way to the East- Portuguese communication with Africans on the searoute to India, Jeanne Hein; Wishes and facts - the evaluation of Columbus’ ’India’ project by Portuguese and Spanish cosmographers in the light of the geographic science of the time, W. G. L. Randles; In search of meaning - the certainty of Columbus: some recent studies, John Larner; Significance of interpretation- the meaning of ’discovery’ in the 15th and 16th centuries, Wilcomb E. Washburn; Part II: Key to the terraquaeus globe -"the strait that shall forever bear his name": October-November 1520, Samuel Eliot Morison; Mariner’s world - seamen ashore and afloat: the social environment of the Carreira da India,1550-1750, A. J. R. Russell-Wood; Arrival and conflict - conquest and so-called conquest in Spain and Spanish America, Charles Gibson; Nature responds - America as model: the demographic impact of European expansion upon the non-European world, Woodrow W. Borah; Atlantic becomes familiar - generalizations: European source regions, D. W. Meinig; Part III: City in Spain - Seville in the 16th century, Ruth Pike; City in America - Tenochtitlan: the public image, Inga Clendinnen; Mission to save souls - faith and empire: the cross and the crown in Portuguese expansion, 15th to 18th centuries, C. R. Boxer; Intent and effect of colonization - a secular sense of responsibility, John H. Parry; Instrument for the voiceless - Indian riots and rebellions in colonial central America, 1530-1720, Murdo J. MacLeod; Impact blunted for Europe - Renaissance Europe and America: a blunted impact?, John H. Elliott; Index.