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Contents: Preface. Introduction: Nonverbal Communication: Crossing the Boundary Between Culture and Nature. Part I: New Findings on the Universality of Human Nonverbal Communication. P. Ekman, D. Keltner, Universal Facial Expressions of Emotion: An Old Controversy and New Findings. U. Dimberg, Psychophysiological Reactions to Facial Expressions. W. Schiefenhövel, Universals in Interpersonal Interactions. Part II: Development of Emotions in a Social and Cultural Context. H. Papousek, M. Papousek, Preverbal Communication in Humans and the Genesis of Culture. K. Schneider, Development of Emotions and Their Expression in Task-Oriented Situations in Infants and Preschool Children. S.S. Suomi, Nonverbal Communication in Nonhuman Primates: Implications for the Emergence of Culture. Part III: The Social Role of Nonverbal Communication and Emotions: Phylogenetic Inference. P. Marler, C.S. Evans, Communication Signals of Animals: Contributions of Emotion and Reference. S. Preuschoft, J.A.R.A.M. van Hooff, The Social Function of "Smile" and "Laughter": Variations Across Primate Species and Societies. A. Maryanski, Primate Communication and the Ecology of a Language Niche. J.H. Turner, The Evolution of Emotions: The Nonverbal Basis of Human Social Organization. Part IV: Nonverbal Communication as a Mediator Between Biology and Human Culture. W. Goldschmidt, Nonverbal Communication and Culture. M. Heller, Posture as an Interface Between Nature and Culture. A. Nitschke, Sign Languages and Gestures in Medieval Europe: Monasteries, Courts of Justice, and Society. R. Frank, Nonverbal Communciation and the Emergence of Moral Sentiments.